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      Evaluasi Desain dan Uji Kinerja Mesin Ekstraktor pada Pengolahan Kurma

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      Date
      2022-09-07
      Author
      Ramadhan, Fikri Luthfi
      Mandang, Tineke
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      Abstract
      Buah kurma dapat langsung dikonsumsi ataupun diproses lebih lanjut menjadi produk lain, Di supermarket, pasar, toko atau tempat perbelanjaan lain jarang sekali ditemukan kurma yang sudah diolah melainkan hanya dijual dalam bentuk buah saja. Kebanyakan orang hanya mengonsumsi buah kurma utuh, padahal kurma dapat diolah menjadi produk yang menyehatkan dan praktis dengan diambil sari buahnya yang disebut sari kurma. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi desain komponen utama mesin apakah spesifikasi komponen utama sudah memenuhi syarat dan kriteria yang dibutuhkan dalam proses produksi sari kurma di CV Vicomas dan melakukan uji kinerja alat untuk mengetahui kombinasi kecepatan putar pengaduk dan waktu kerja crusher yang paling optimal dalam proses produksi sari kurma di CV Vicomas. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran dan perhitungan analisis teknik kelayakan didapatkan bahwa kebutuhan daya penggerak 0,4 hp atau 0,3 kWh dengan spesifikasi mesin telah memenuhi standar dengan daya 1 hp atau 0,75 kWh. Kebutuhan daya pencacahan 1,7 kWh atau 2,2 hp dengan spesifikasi mesin telah memenuhi standar dengan daya 3 kWh atau 3 hp. Volume total kurma pada 280 kg sebesar 368.660,108 cm3 sedangkan berdasarkan dimensi yang ada volume penyaring sebesar 377.142,857 cm3 sehingga dapat menampung bahan. Terdapat satu komponen yang kurang tepat untuk standar produksi yaitu ukuran saringan, hasil pengukuran mendapatkan nilai terkecil dari biji kurma 0,58 cm dan lebih kecil dari ukuran saringan dengan 0,6 cm sehingga terdapat kemungkinan biji kurma untuk lolos dari penyaringan yang dapat merusak hasil. Uji kinerja alat dilakukan dengan perlakuan kecepatan putar 22 rpm, 24 rpm, dan 30 rpm dikombinasikan dengan durasi pencacahan 8 menit dan 10 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan terbaik dihasilkan dengan kecepatan putar pengaduk 24 rpm dan durasi pencacahan 10 menit menghasilkan kadar air 24,31% yang masuk standar sari kurma, kapasitas kerja mesin mampu menghasilkan 9,20 kg/menit, konsumsi listrik sebesar 0,483 kWh, kehilangan hasil ekstraksi 19%, dan efisiensi ekstraksi 47,29%.
       
      Dates can be consumed directly or further processed into other products. In supermarkets, markets, shops or other shopping places, it is rare to find dates that have been processed but are only sold in fruit form. Most people only eat whole dates, even though dates can be processed into healthy and practical products by taking a fruit extract. This study has the goals of evaluating the design of the main components of the machine whether the specifications of the main components have met the requirements and criteria needed in the palm juice production process at CV Vicomas and to test the performance of the extraction machine to determine the combination of the most optimal rotation speed of the mixer and crusher working time in the dates extraction process at CV Vicomas. Based on measurements and technical analysis, it is known that the required stirrer power 0.4 hp or 0.3 kWh with the engine specifications already meeting the standard with a power of 1 hp or 0.75 kWh. The required crusher machine power 2.2 hp or 1.7 kWh with the engine specifications already meeting the standard with a power of 4 hp or 3 kWh. The total volume of dates at 280 kg is 368,660,108 cm3 while based on the existing dimensions the filter volume is 377,142,857 cm3 so that it can accommodate the materials. The size of the filter is not meet production standards, the measurement results get the smallest value from the date seeds of 0.58 cm and smaller than the filter size of 0.6 cm so that there is a possibility for the date seeds to escape the filtering. The performance test of the extraction machine was carried out by treating the rotation speed of 22 rpm, 24 rpm, and 30 rpm combined with the duration of crusher machine 8 minutes and 10 minutes. The results showed that the best produced with a stirrer rotation speed of 24 rpm and a duration of crusher machine 10 minutes resulted in a moisture content of 24,31% which entered the standard date palm juice, a working capacity capable of producing 9,20 kg/minute, electricity consumption of 0.483 kWh, loss of extraction yield 19%, and extraction efficiency 47,29%.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/114399
      Collections
      • UT - Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering [3593]

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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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