Potensi Inhibitor α-Glukosidase Ekstrak Kasar Streptomyces tendae sebagai Penurun Kadar Glukosa Darah pada tikus Sprague Dawley Diabetes

Abstract

Diabetes is a dissease due to impaired insulin function or insulin deficiency cause high glucose level (hyperglycemia). One form of impaired insulin function is insulin resistance which cause type 2 diabetes. Hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance is associated with impaired glucose absorption in peripheral tissue while glucose absoption from intestine and liver production still occurred. Therefore, one of treatment for diabetes type 2 is using α-glucoside inhibitor. Medicinal plant, Ficus deltoidea or known as tabat barito, commonly grown in Kalimantan. Local people in that area traditionally used brewed water leaves of F. deltoidea to treat diabetes. Previous research discovered that F. deltoidea leaves extract has the ability to lower blood glucose level and it was also known that endophytic microbes of F. deltoidea produces α-glocoside inhibitor. The IC50 of water extract from F. deltoidea has a value of 647.31 µg/mL while endophyte producing inhibitor, Streptomyces tendae had a value of 159.25 µg/mL. Diabetes treatment with α- glucosidase inhibitor may provide significant result in lowering blood glucose levels. Potency metabolites as α-glucosidase inhibitors obtained from S. tendae was in vitro assay, however in vitro frequently may not in line with in vivo. This study aimed to determine potency of S. tendae crude extract as α-glucosidase inhibitor and antihyperglicemic in Sprague Dawley rats type 2 induced by low dose streptozotocin. This reasearch was started by reculturing of S. tendae provided by Microbiology Laboratory, Biology Department, IPB into International Project Streptomyces (ISP) 2 broth for 14 days. The growth culture was separated from medium to obtain cell-free supernatant (cfs), cfs then evaporated and solid yield was obtained. Yield obtained was measured for IC50. The IC50 activity was used as base to determining dose in rats using oral glucose toleance test (OGTT) and determine its effectiveness as antihyperglymic in diabetic rats induced by low dose streptozotocin. The IC50 of S. tendae crude extract had decreased activity from 159.25 µg/mL to 8,512 µg/mL. The result of TTGO showed increasing distribution and elimination phase of blood glucose in Sprague Dawley rats diabetes. Dose1 of 157.5 mg/200g can significanly reduce blood glucose levels. Based on these data, S. tendae crude extract has potency as an antihyperglycemic through a mechanism other than inhibit enzyme and has the posibility to stimulate glucose intake to peripheral tissue.