Biodegradation of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons using Phellinus noxius BRB 11 Isolated from Berbak-Sembilang Biosphere Reserve, Indonesia
Date
2022Author
Zalkifal, Muhammad
Rahayu, Gayuh
Yanto, Dede Heri Yuli
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Show full item recordAbstract
Microbial biodegradation of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) mixture is
an eco-friendly practice that requires the exploration of efficient bio-degraders. In
this study, three fungal species i.e., Phellinus noxius BRB 11, Leiotrametes
menziesii BRB 73, and Ceriporia lacerata BRB 81, were screened out for
phenanthrene (PHE) degradation. MnP and laccase of each fungus was analysed
using microplate reader while PHE degradation was analysed by gas
chromatography. The capability of the selected fungus was then performed in the
following four single PAHs treatments i.e., PHE, anthracene (ANT), and Benzo
(a)pyrene (BaP), and their mixtures i.e., PHE–ANT, PHE–BaP, ANT–BaP, ANT–
PHE–BaP. PHE (100 ppm) final concentration was subjected to only crude laccase
enzymes of the selected fungus, and with the addition of 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole
(1-HBT), 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidinyloxy (TEMPO), and Violuric acid (VA) as
mediators. These mediators were used in 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mM
concentration. Toxicity evaluation of degraded and non-degraded PAHs was
performed using Vigna radiata and Artemia salina. The results showed that the
enzymatic activity was high in BRB 11, and PHE biodegradation results from BRB
11, BRB 73 and BRB 81 i.e. 95%, 24%, and 26%, respectively. Further research
was performed using the selected fungus, P. noxius BRB 11. In the single and
mixture PAHs degradation experiment, all PAHs except for ANT was degraded
above 90%. While BaP was degraded higher than its single degradation. During the
degradation, ten metabolites were detected by GCMS and bio-detoxification was
observed in all the treated samples. Among mediators used, TEMPO was the most
efficient mediator with highest degradation rate on 0.1 mM until 2 mM
concentration. PHE degradation was high at 0.1 mM of all mediator concentration,
but starts decreasing as 1-HBT and VA mediators approached to higher
concentrations. Laccase treated PAH was less toxic to Vigna radiata and Artemia
salina than control. This study suggests that Phellinus noxius BRB 11 could be used
as a potent PAHs degrader from the environment.