Formulasi dan Uji Efektivitas Limbah Cangkang Kerang Bulu (Anadara antiquata Linn.) Sebagai Krim Antijerawat

Abstract

Cangkang kerang bulu mengandung kitosan yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai krim antijerawat. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh sediaan krim dan menguji efektivitas kitosan dari limbah kerang bulu sebagai produk krim antijerawat. Derajat deasetilasi kitosan diukur menggunakan FTIR, kemudian serbuk kitosan ditambahkan pada krim antijerawat dengan variasi konsentrasi 5%, 10%, dan 15% (b/v). Uji fisikokimia, aktivitas antioksidan, dan aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan bakteri Propionibacterium acnes dan Staphylococcus epidermidis dilakukan terhadap ketiga variasi krim. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa derajat deasetilasi kitosan sebesar 97.49% dengan kadar air dan rendemen berturut-turut sebesar 3.49% dan 47.63%. Uji fisikokimia menunjukkan bahwa ketiga krim antijerawat memiliki pH 5, homogen, tipe krim O/W, dan memiliki daya sebar yang menurun seiring dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi serbuk kitosan. Simpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu krim dengan 15% serbuk kitosan memiliki aktivitas antioksidan terbaik dan krim 5% serbuk kitosan memiliki kemampuan krim terbaik dalam menghambat bakteri.

Shellfish shells contain chitosan, which is potential as an antibacterial, therefore, it can be used as an anti-acne cream. This study aims to obtain cream preparations and test chitosan's effectiveness from shellfish waste as an anti-acne cream product. The degree of chitosan deacetylation was measured using FTIR, then chitosan powder was added to the anti-acne cream with various concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15% (w/v). Physicochemical tests, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial activity using Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria were carried out on those various concentrations of the cream. The results of calculating the degree of deacetylation of chitosan based on FTIR spectra were 97.49% with water content and yield of 3.49% and 47.63%, respectively. The physicochemical test showed that the three anti-acne creams had a pH of 5, were homogeneous, type O/W cream, and had dispersion which decreased with the increasing concentration of chitosan powder. The conclusion of this research is that cream with 5% chitosan powder has the highest antioxidant activity and cream with 5% chitosan powder has the highest activity to inhibit bacteria.