Analisis Total Fenolik, Flavonoid, dan Aktivitas Antioksidan dari Ekstrak Etanol Tiga Aksesi Gandarusa

Abstract

Perbedaan aksesi dapat mempengaruhi kandungan fenolik, flavonoid, dan aktivitas antioksidan pada tanaman obat seperti gandarusa. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur dan menentukan kadar total fenolik, kadar total flavonoid, dan aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi pada ekstrak etanol daun gandarusa aksesi Langkat, Malang, dan Bekasi. Sampel diekstraksi dengan metode sonikasi dan maserasi. Kadar total fenolik diukur dengan metode Follin-Ciocalteu, flavonoid dengan metode AlCl3, dan aktivitas antioksidan dengan dua metode, yakni FRAP dan DPPH. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kadar total fenolik, total flavonoid, dan aktivitas antioksidan metode DPPH tertinggi diperoleh pada aksesi Langkat. Aktivitas antioksidan metode FRAP tertinggi diperoleh pada gandarusa aksesi Malang. Kadar total fenolik memiliki korelasi tidak signifikan terhadap aktivitas antioksidan secara statistik. Sementara kadar total flavonoid berkorelasi signifikan dan sangat kuat terhadap aktivitas antioksidan DPPH, namun tidak pada metode FRAP. Aksesi gandarusa terbaik merupakan Langkat.

Differences in accession can affect the content of phenolic, flavonoid, and antioxidant activity in medicinal plants such as gandarusa. This reasearch was aimed to measure and determine the total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and the highest antioxidant activity in ethanol extract of gandarusa leaf accession of Langkat, Malang, and Bekasi. Samples were extracted by sonication and maceration methods. Total phenolic content was measured by the Follin-Ciocalteu method, flavonoids by the AlCl3 method, and antioxidant activity by two methods, namely FRAP and DPPH assay. The results showed that the highest levels of total phenolic, total flavonoid, and antioxidant activity of the DPPH method were obtained in Langkat accession. The highest antioxidant activity of FRAP assay was found in Malang accession. Total phenolic content had a statistically insignificant correlation with antioxidant activity. While the total flavonoid content correlated significantly and very strongly with the antioxidant activity of DPPH assay, but not in FRAP assay. The best gandarusa accession was Langkat.