Aktivitas Antibakteri Membran Paduan Kitosan-Polivinil Alkohol Mengandung Ekstrak Daun Cincau Hijau dan Kelor

Abstract

Chitosan is a natural polymer that can be used as a wound dressing material. Chitosan has intrinsic properties, such as biocompatibility, non-toxic, hemostatic, biodegradable, and has antibacterial activity. However, chitosan has less elasticity and rigid properties. Therefore, chitosan needs to be combined with other materials in order to increase its elasticity, one of which is the addition of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Antibacterial properties of the composite needs to be enhanced. It can be done by adding leaves extracts with antibacterial activities such as green grass jelly leaf (Cyclea barbarta M.) and moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera L.). The antibacterial content of green grass jelly and moringa leaves can be developed as additional ingredients in making wound dressing membranes. The purpose of the research was to developed the chitosan-PVA membrane with the addition of green grass jelly leaf extract and moringa leaves to increase the antibacterial activity of the membranes that have potential as a wound dressing; and evaluate the membrane mechanical properties. Green grass jelly and moringa leaves were extracted with 96% ethanol by the maceration method. Green grass jelly and moringa leaf extracts were tested for phytochemical metabolites and antibacterial activities. The results of phytochemical testing of both extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and phenols, while the triterpenoid test showed negative results. Combines green grass jelly and moringa leaf extracts in a ratio of 75:25, 50:50 and 25:75 were tested by disc diffusion methods against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The highest inhibition zone was produced by extracts with a ratio of 50:50 against S. aureus dan E. coli, 13,00 mm and 7,00 mm, respectively. The ratio of green grass jelly leaf extract and moringa leaf (50:50) with the highest antibacterial activity was added to chitosan-PVA membrane with a ratio of 5:5, 6:4 and 7:3. Each membrane was tested for antibacterial activity. Antibacterial activities in the membran of 7:3 with extracts had a larger area of inhibition against S. aureus dan E. coli compared to membrane without extract. The membrane's mechanical performance were performed for its density, tensile strength, elongation, and water vapor permeability. The density and water vapor permeability test results showed that the membrane with the addition of extract had better results compored to membrane without the addition of extract. Mechanically, adding extract decreased the tensile strength and elongation membrane, 80,20% elongation and 13,77 MPa tensile strength, but still included in the medical material standard, elongation value of 17-207% and tensile strength of 1-24 MPa. The membrane with best performance further analyzed with Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Characterization by FTIR showed chitosan-PVA membrane with extract the N-H group has a peak with two wave numbers at 1564 and 1554 cm-1 this is expressed as amide overlapping with amine and protonated amine, while the SEM characterization on the membrane with the addition of the extract was quite homogeneous because the distribution of the extract on the surface was quite even. The membrane with the addition of extract showed the best results, based on the antibacterial activity test results from the alloy membrane characterization.