Interaksi Genotipe dan Lingkungan terhadap Kadar Fenolik dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.)

Abstract

Rimpang temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) memiliki potensi sebagai sumber antioksidan karena terdapat senyawa bioaktif metabolit sekunder seperti senyawa fenolik. Perbedaan kondisi abiotik lingkungan, seperti air dan suhu, menyebabkan cekaman pada tanaman dan akan terbentuk variasi akumulasi metabolit sekunder tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi produktivitas kadar fenolik dan aktivitas antioksidan serta mendapatkan informasi mengenai stabilitas genotipe rimpang temulawak pada kadar fenolik dan aktivitas antioksidan terhadap penanaman di tiga lokasi (Bogor, Cianjur, Sukabumi). Tahapan penelitian meliputi pengujian kadar fenolik dan aktivitas antioksidan metode DPPH serta daya adaptasi genotipe temulawak pada penanaman multilokasi dengan metode AMMI. Produktivitas kadar fenolik tertinggi diperoleh dari lokasi Sukabumi (7,8744 mg GAE/g), dan genotipe G5 (7,5394 mg GAE/g), sedangkan aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi diperoleh dari lokasi Cianjur (20,1519 μmol TE/g), dan genotipe G6 (21,1797 μmol TE/g). Keragaman lokasi berpengaruh nyata pada kadar fenolik, serta tidak terdapat interaksi genotipe dan lingkungan pada kedua parameter. Genotipe yang stabil pada ketiga lokasi adalah G2 untuk kadar fenolik, G3 dan G4 untuk aktivitas antioksidan, G1 dan G6 untuk kedua parameter, sementara G4 berpotensi stabil di Bogor untuk kadar fenolik.

Temulawak rhizomes (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) have the potentials as antioxidant sources because they contain bioactive secondary metabolites such as phenolics. Differences in environmental abiotic factors, such as water and temperature, cause stress on plants and will create variations in the secondary metabolites’ accumulations. This research aims to evaluate the phenolic levels productivity and antioxidant activity and to obtain information about the stability of temulawak rhizome genotypes on phenolic content and antioxidant activity on planting in three locations (Bogor, Cianjur, Sukabumi). The research stages included the phenolic content and antioxidant activity (DPPH method) test, as well as the adaptability of the temulawak genotype in multilocation planting using the AMMI method. The highest phenolic content productivity was obtained from Sukabumi (7.8744 mg GAE/g), and G5 (7.5394 mg GAE/g), while the highest antioxidant activity was obtained from Cianjur (20.1519 μmol TE/g), and G6 (21.1797 μmol TE/g). Location diversity has a significant effect on phenolic levels, and there is no interaction of genotype and environment on both parameters. The stable genotypes at all three locations were G2 for phenolic content, G3 and G4 for antioxidant activity, G1 and G6 for both parameters, while G4 was potentially stable only in Bogor for phenolic content.