Analisis Konsumsi Pangan Hewani, Tingkat Pemenuhan Gizi, dan Status Gizi Siswa SD di Cijeruk, Bogor

Abstract

Konsumsi pangan hewani yang banyak mengandung protein, vitamin dan mineral masih tergolong rendah terutama pada siswa sekolah dan remaja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis konsumsi pangan hewani, tingkat pemenuhan gizi dan status gizi siswa sekolah dasar di Cijeruk, Kabupaten Bogor. Desain penelitian cross-sectional study dengan data sekunder pada 915 siswa dari 16 SD di Cijeruk, Kabupaten Bogor pada tahun 2019. Data konsumsi pangan terutama pangan hewani melalui food recall 3×24 jam, tingkat pemenuhan gizi dihitung berdasarkan perbandingan total asupan harian dengan kebutuhan siswa tiap individu, dan status gizi diperoleh dari data antropometri dan kadar hemoglobin siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsumsi pangan hewani siswa belum sesuai dengan anjuran pedoman gizi seimbang. Tingkat pemenuhan gizi siswa tergolong defisit kecuali zat besi. Sebagian besar siswa berstatus gizi baik, namun masih terdapat siswa yang tergolong gizi lebih (5,7%) dan obesitas (6,7%), serta 77,9% siswa mengalami anemia dengan tingkat keparahan yang berbeda-beda. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan kontribusi gizi dari pangan hewani berhubungan signifikan positif dengan pemenuhan gizi, sedangkan kontribusi energi, protein, dan lemak dari pangan hewani memiliki hubungan signifikan negatif dengan status gizi (IMT/U), serta terdapat hubungan signifikan negatif antara kontribusi energi, protein, lemak, dan vitamin B9 dari pangan hewani dengan kadar hemoglobin (p<0,05).

Animal protein consumption that contain lots of protein, vitamins, minerals is still relatively less, especially in school-age children and adolescents. This study aimed to analyze animal protein consumption, nutrient adequacy level, and nutritional status of elementary school students in Cijeruk, Bogor. The research design was cross-sectional study with secondary data on 915 subject from 16 elementary schools in Cijeruk, Bogor in 2019. Animal protein consumption’s were collected by 3×24 hours, nutrient adequacy level were calculated based on student’s nutrient requirements, nutritional status were collected from anthropometry’s data and student’s hemoglobin levels. The results showed student’s animal protein consumption is not accordance with recommended balanced nutrition guidelines. Student’s adequacy level of macro and micro nutrient were classified as deficit except iron. Most of students had good nutritional status, but still had students who classified overweight (5,7%) and obese (6,7%). 77,9% students have anemia with different severity. Correlation test showed contribution nutrients from animal protein foods was significantly positive with nutrient adequacy, while contribution of energy, protein, and fat from animal protein foods was significantly negative with nutritional status (BMI/A), and there was negative correlation between contribution of energy, protein, fat, and vitamin B9 from animal protein foods with hemoglobin levels (p<0,05).