Produktivitas Kurkuminoid dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) Dibudidaya dengan Kombinasi Pupuk N, P, dan K

Abstract

Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) termasuk tanaman obat yang mengandung senyawa kurkuminoid dan memiliki aktivitas antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan kombinasi pupuk N, P, K terbaik berdasarkan kadar senyawa kurkuminoid dan aktivitas antioksidan pada rimpang temulawak, serta menentukan korelasi antara keduanya. Kadar kurkuminoid ditentukan dengan High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), sedangkan aktivitas antioksidan diukur menggunakan metode Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) dan Cupric ion Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC). Kadar kurkuminoid tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan K, P, NK, dan NPK dengan nilai masing-masing 8,61; 8,50; 7,99; dan 7,04 mg/g bobot kering. Aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi metode FRAP terdapat pada pemupukan kombinasi NK dan NPK dengan nilai 43,24 dan 41,76 µmol TE/g bobot kering, sedangkan pada metode CUPRAC terdapat pada pemupukan kombinasi NPK sebesar 307,11 µmol TE/g bobot kering. Aktivitas antioksidan berbanding lurus dengan kandungan kurkuminoid berdasarkan uji korelasi. Pupuk NPK merupakan kombinasi pupuk terbaik dalam meningkatkan kandungan kurkuminoid dan aktivitas antioksidan temulawak.

Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) is a medicinal plant that contains curcuminoid compounds and has antioxidant activity. This study aims to determine the best combination of N, P, K fertilizers based on levels of curcuminoid compounds and antioxidant activity in temulawak rhizome, and determine correlation between them. The curcuminoid level was determined by HPLC, while the antioxidant activity was measured using the FRAP and CUPRAC methods. The highest curcuminoid levels were found in the K, P, NK, and NPK treatments with a value of 8,61; 8,50; 7,99; and 7,04 mg / g dry weight, respectively. The highest antioxidant activity of the FRAP method was found in the combination of NK and NPK fertilization with values of 43,24 and 41,76 µmol TE / g dry weight, while in the CUPRAC method was found in NPK combination fertilization with value 307,11 µmol TE / g dry weight. Antioxidant activity was directly proportional to curcuminoid content based on correlation test. NPK fertilizer is the best combination to increase the curcuminoid content and antioxidant activity of Curcuma xanthorrhiza.