Pengaruh Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) dalam Ransum Terhadap Performa, Kualitas Telur dan Respon Imun pada Ayam Petelur

Abstract

Industri perunggasan masih menghadapi berbagai kendala, antara lain masalah bahan baku pakan yang masih bergantung pada impor dan masalah pelarangan antibiotik pemacu pertumbuhan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan upaya pemanfaatan sumber protein alternatif yang juga memiliki aktivitas antibakteri dan imunomodulator. Larva Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) kaya akan AMP (antimicrobial peptide) dan memiliki kandungan asam laurat yang tinggi 49.18% dapat berfungsi sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh subtitusi tepung ikan dengan tepung larva BSF terhadap performa produksi, kualitas telur, serta status kesehatan dan meningkatkan respon kekebalan ayam petelur serta melihat aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak tepung larva BSF secara in vitro. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli dan Salmonella enteritidis dengan enam level pengenceran (10 mg ml-1, 20 mg ml-1, 40 mg ml-1, 80 mg ml-1, 160 mg ml-1 dan 320 mg ml-1). Feeding trial menggunakan empat perlakuan pakan yaitu P0 (tepung ikan 8%), P1 (tepung ikan 4% + BSF hidup 6.03%), P2 (tepung ikan 4% + BSF kering 5.85%) dan P3 (tepung ikan 4% + BSF ekstrak 5.63%). Desain percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan empat perlakuan, lima ulangan dan setiap ulangan terdiri atas 10 ekor ayam petelur, sedangkan untuk aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan 6 level pengenceran dan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa BSF ekstrak memiliki aktivitas antibakteri mulai dari level 320 mg/mL dan semakin meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya dosis (P<0.05). Penggunaan 5.63% larva BSF ekstrak metanol sebagai sumber protein pengganti 50% protein tepung ikan dalam ransum ayam petelur dapat memberikan performa dan kualitas telur yang baik tanpa mempengaruhi status kesehatan ayam petelur. Penggunaan larva BSF hidup dalam ransum dapat mengurangi biaya konsumsi dan pengolahan pakan sehingga keuntungan dapat maksimal. Larva BSF ekstrak metanol terbukti memiliki kemampuan antibakteri sehingga dapat meningkatkan respon kekebalan ayam petelur secara optimal.

The poultry industry still faces various obstacles, including the problem of feed raw materials which are still dependent on imports as well as problem of prohibiting growth-promoting antibiotics. Therefore, efforts are needed to utilize alternative protein sources that also have antibacterial and immunomodulatory activities. Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae has an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) and has a high content of lauric acid is 49.18% which functions as an antibacterial. This study aims to evaluate the effect of fish meal substitution with BSF larvae flour on production performance, egg quality, health status, increasing immunity of laying hens as well as looking at the antibacterial activity of BSF larvae extract in vitro. Antibacterial activity test was carried out on Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis with six levels of dilution (10 mg ml-1 , 20 mg ml-1 , 40 mg ml-1 , 80 mg ml-1 , 160 mg ml-1 and 320 mg ml -1 ). The feeding trial used three feed treatments namely P0 (8% fish meal), P1 (5% fish meal + 6.03% fresh BSF), P2 (5% fish meal + 5.85% dried BSF) and P3 (5% fish meal + 5.63% BSF extract). The experimental design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments, five replications and each repetition consisted of 10 laying hens, while for antibacterial activity using 6 levels of dilution and 3 replications. The results showed that the BSF extract has antibacterial activity from a concentration of 320 mg/ml and increased with increasing doses (P <0.05). Using 5.63% BSF larvae from methanol extract as a protein source for 50% fish meal protein in laying hen rations can ensure good egg performance and quality without affecting the health of laying hens. Using live BSF larvae in rations can reduce the cost of consuming and processing feed so that the benefits can be maximized. It has been proven that BSF larvae from methanol extract have an antibacterial effect in order to increase the optimal immune response of laying hens.