Kualitas Udara Selama Pengangkutan Sapi di Kapal Motor Camara Nusantara 3
Abstract
Camara Nusantara 3 ship is a marine transportation mode that is currently
being implemented for the delivery of live livestock to various regions. There is
not much information about air quality standards during the process of
transporting cattle by ship in Indonesia. This study aims to analyse and inform air
quality during the process of transporting cattle, as well as strategies for
improving air quality at Camaara Nusantara 3 ship. This research was conducted
at Camara Nusantara 3 ship from Tenau Port, Kupang to Tanjung Priok Port,
Jakarta. The length of the trip is five days. During the transportation process,
observations made include the ship's environmental conditions, microclimate
(ambient temperature, relative humidity, THI, and wind speed), and gases
production (O2, CO2, CO, NH3, and CH4).
Based on the observations made, Camara Nusantara 3 ship is a type of ship
with Combine Deck Vessels (combination deck). There are two types of
ventilation systems, namely the supply-exhaust ventilation system on deck A and
the exhaust ventilation system on decks B and C. The microclimate conditions
observed during the transportation process included: ambient temperature (30.48-
31.49 oC); relative humidity (73.13-75.24 %); THI values (82.63-84.08) including
moderate and heavy stress categories, and wind speed of (0.2-0.8 ms-1). The level
of gas concentration observed during transportation includes O2 gas (20.5-20.6
%); CO2 gas (475.7-497.4 ppm); CO gas (1.2-1.4 ppm); NH3 gas (2.9-3.3 ppm);
and CH4 gas (1.5-4.9 ppm).
The results showed that the air quality during the process of transporting
cattle from Kupang to Jakarta at KM Camara Nusantara 3 was still below the
threshold value. The strategy in terms of quality, including the rate of airflow in
the cage, needs to be improved so that the gas distribution and air exchange
process can take place properly. Kapal Camara Nusantara 3 merupakan moda transportasi laut yang saat ini
diterapkan untuk pengiriman ternak hidup ke berbagai wilayah. Informasi
mengenai standar kualitas udara selama proses pengangkutan sapi menggunakan
kapal di Indonesia belum banyak dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk
menganalisis dan menginformasikan kualitas udara selama proses pengangkutan
sapi, serta strategi peningkatan kualitas udara di KM Camaara Nusantara 3.
Penelitian ini dilakukan di KM Camara Nusantara 3 dari Pelabuhan Tenau,
Kupang menuju Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok, Jakarta. Lama perjalanan yang
ditempuh selama lima hari. Selama proses pengangkutan berlangsung,
pengamatan yang dilakukan antara lain kondisi lingkungan kapal, mikroklimat
(suhu lingkungan, kelembaban relatif, THI, dan kecepatan angin), dan produksi
gas (O2, CO2, CO, NH3, dan CH4).
Berdasarkan pengamatan yang dilakukan, KM Camara Nusantara 3
merupakan jenis kapal dengan Combine Deck Vessels (geladak kombinasi). Tipe
sistem ventiasi yang diterapkan ada dua, yakni supply-exhaust ventilation system
pada geladak A dan exhaust ventilation system pada geladak B dan C. Kondisi
mikroklimat yang diamati selama proses pengangkutan meliputi: suhu lingkungan
sebesar (30.48-31.49 oC); kelembaban relatif sebesar (73.13-75.24 %); nilai THI
sebesar (82,63-84,08) termasuk kategori stress sedang dan berat, dan kecepatan
angin sebesar (0.2-0.8 ms-1). Tingkat konsentrasi gas yang diamati selama
pengangkutan meliputi: gas O2 sebesar (20.5-20.6 %); gas CO2 sebesar (475.7–
497.4 ppm); gas CO sebesar (1.2–1.4 ppm); gas NH3 sebesar (2.9–3.3 ppm); dan
gas CH4 sebesar (1.5-4.9 ppm).
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kualitas udara selama proses pengangkutan
sapi dari Kupang menuju Jakarta di KM Camara Nusantara 3 masih dibawah nilai
ambang batas. Strategi dari segi kualitas meliputi laju aliran udara dalam kandang
perlu ditingkatkan sehingga distribusi gas dan proses pertukaran udara dapat
berlangsung dengan baik.
Collections
- MT - Animal Science [1203]