Detection of Factor XI Deficiency (FXID) and Complex Vertebral Malformation (CVM) in Bali Cattle

Abstract

Factor XI Deficiency (FXID) is caused by imperfect insertion of poly adenine which is resulted in introduction of premature stop codon in FXI gene. Substitution of guanine into thymine in SLC35A3 gene caused Complex Vertebral Malformation (CVM). The research was aimed to detect the pres-ence or absence of a genetic defect mainly CVM using SLC35A3 gene and FXID using FXI gene in Indonesian Bali cattle. The presence of this genetic defect may have a significant economic impact on the breeding program. The research of genetic defect was done mostly in dairy cattle, but there was no report for screening of genetic defect in Bali cattle. In this study, 303 fresh blood samples and 22 semen samples which were collected from Indonesian Bali cattle breeding center (BPTU HMT Denpasar, BPT HMT Serading West Nusa Tenggara and district Barru South Sulawesi) and artificial insemination centre (BBIB Singosari and BIBD Baturiti) were used for screening of FXID and CVM. The amplicons of FXI gene were obtained by using PCR and that for SLC35A3 gene were obtained by using PCR-RFLP method with PstI restriction enzyme. These PCR products were analyzed by using 2% agarose gels electrophoresis. All genotypes were confirmed by DNA sequencing to determine an allele mutant. The allele mutant was not found in all of the samples. The result of this study showed that CVM and FXID were not detected in Bali cattle from Indonesian Bali cattle breeding and artifi-cial insemination centres.

Insersi poli adenin yang tidak sempurna menyebabkan terjadinya kodon stop prematur pada gen FXI, sehingga terjadi kelainan genetik FXI deficiency (FXID). Substitusi guanin menjadi timin pada gen SLC35A3 menyebabkan kelainan genetik complex vertebral malformation (CVM). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi ada atau tidaknya kelainan genetik terutama CVM meng-gunakan gen SLC35A3 dan FXID menggunakan gen FXI. Kelainan genetik ini biasa ditemukan pada sapi perah, tetapi sampai saat ini deteksi kelainan genetik FXID dan CVM belum pernah dilakukan pada sapi Bali. Sebanyak 303 sampel darah dan 22 sampel semen beku yang berasal dari pusat pem-bibitan sapi Bali (BPTU-HMT Denpasar, BPT HMT Serading Nusa Tenggara Barat dan Kabupaten Barru Sulawesi Selatan) dan pusat inseminasi buatan (BBIB Singosari dan BIBD Baturiti) digunakan untuk mendeteksi FXID dan CVM. Amplifikasi gen FXI menggunakan PCR sedangkan gen SLC35A3 menggunakan PCR-RFLP dengan menggunakan enzim restriksi PstI . Produk PCR dianalisis dengan elektroforesis gel agarose 2%. Semua genotipe dikonfirmasi dengan DNA sekuensing untuk memas-tikan adanya alel mutan. Hasil penelitian tidak menemukan adanya alel mutan, baik dengan gen FXI, maupun SLC35A3. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat kejadian CVM dan FXID pada sapi Bali di pusat pembibitan sapi Bali dan balai inseminasi buatan