Potensi Ekstrak Biji Lada (Piper nigrum L.) dan Buah Lerak (Sapindus rarak DC) serta Campurannya untuk Mengendalikan Meloidogyne spp. pada Tanaman Tomat.

Abstract

Meloidogyne spp. are polyphagous nematodes that can cause 20%-40% yield loss on tomato. One of the safe control methods is by using nematicides from plant extracts. This study was aimed at determining the potential of aqueous Piper nigrum seed and Sapindus rarak fruit extracts as well as their mixture for controlling Meloidogyne spp. on tomato plant. P. nigrum seeds were ground with a blender then the seed powder was mixed with distilled water, while S. rarak fruit cuts were ground directly in distilled water with a blender. In the in vitro tests, each extract and their mixture were tested at concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mg/ml, respectively, while the test concentrations in the in vivo test were 50 and 100 mg/ml. In general, mortality of J2 Meloidogyne spp. in the in vitro test increased at 24 and 48 h after treatment (HAT). LC95 72 HAT of P. nigrum and S. rarak extracts and their mixture were 148.9, 114.1, and 97.6 mg/ml, respectively. P. nigrum and S. rarak extract mixture had an additive joint action at both LC50 and LC95 level. In vivo treatments with P. nigrum and S. rarak extracts as well as their mixture at a concentration of 100 mg/ml suppressed the number of root galls by 58.1%, 56.4%, and 67.8%, respectively, and suppressed the final density of nematodes in the soil by 55.0%, 53.6%, and 60.2%, respectively. The treatment with all extracts also increased tomato plant height, above ground biomass, and root weight. Based on Abbott‟s efficacy criteria, P. nigrum and S. rarak extracts at 100 mg/ml were both rather effective against Meloidogyne spp. while their mixture at 100 mg/ml was sufficiently effective.