Pola Strategi Nafkah Rumahtangga di Kawasan Rentan Banjir Pedesaan (Kasus Desa Sungai Buntu, Kecamatan Pedes, Kabupaten Karawang, Provinsi Jawa Barat)

Abstract

Flood events that occurred in Karawang included in river flooding. Flooding of the river is flooding events due to the overflow of the river water. Karawang district is an area drained by streams Citarum. Genesis flood in Karawang regency not only affects the home and road stagnant, but also have an impact on stagnancy of agricultural region. These conditions led to increased social and economic problems in farming communities in the region downstream of Karawang. This research attempts to see how the whole community of farmers who live in the area downstream doing living strategies for survival of flood event. In addition to this , this research tries to analyze the choice of action and livelihood strategies undertaken by farmers as well as its impact on life in the household. At the same time trying to conclude option better livelihood strategies in the face of extreme climatic conditions. This research uses the approach of moral theory of peasant economy as a basis for the analysis of the actions of households facing flood events. Livelihood strategies are analyzed by using the approach of Ellis (1998 ), which emphasizes on the choice of livelihood strategies in times of crisis and during normal livelihood strategies. Last analysis using the approach of decision making within the household to see the role of dominance in the household decision during a flood event or when normal. This research was conducted in the village of Sungai Buntu, Karawang District Pedes for 6 months with twice the data collection is in May to June 2013 and March to May 2014. This study used a qualitative approach to the quantitative data supported the case study method flood events that occurred in Sungai Buntu Village. Data obtained from in-depth interview process and using a simple questionnaire. This study took 30 respondents farm workers and 6 respondents landowners with key informants are local community organizations, village chiefs, village officials, and the local community. Data were analyzed using qualitative data analysis that begins with the reduction and ends with a conclusion. Increased incidence of poverty due to flooding caused by extreme climate issues and the high land conversion due to development policies that destroy natural resources and the environment so as to encourage an increase in the vulnerability of communities in flood -prone areas. Increased vulnerability of communities is an increase in poverty in society. Flood events that occurred in the village of Sungai Buntu divided into two inter alia regular flooding events with a period of one year once and flood events. Regular flood events is an event that happens once a year that have an impact on the acceleration of the decline of the growing season and harvest time. Genesis flood disaster is an event that occurred in more than a month with a high pool of more than one meter. Flood events cause various problems both social and economic problems that occur within the ii community and household. Various problems due to flood events that the community must take action to be able to survive. Action to survive referred to as the strategy undertaken in household income either by farm workers and landowners. The results showed that the landowners and farm workers have different livelihood strategies in dealing with flood events (disasters and floods regularly). Livelihood strategies undertaken by the land owner when the flood , among others mortgaged rice fields, cattle and valuables sell, trade, and develop the business of making opak. Livelihood strategies undertaken during floods landowners routine is the rice harvest early in the event at the end of the growing season, and rewind time of planting if flooding occurs at the beginning of the growing season. During the waiting period generally opaque land owners to develop business and trade. Livelihood strategies undertaken by farm workers in the event of floods is paddy paw in the next village (which are not flooded), take the shells in the sea, became a pedicab driver and sell fish in a fish sales. Livelihood strategies undertaken farm workers in the event of seasonal flooding generally migrant workers, factory workers, became a clerk, and became a commercial sex worker. Livelihood strategies carried out by landowners and farm workers are generally divided into farming as a livelihood strategy, skill as a livelihood strategy, and services as a livelihood strategy. Choice of livelihood strategies carried out by landowners and farm workers have social and economic impacts of different. Choice of livelihood strategies undertaken by the owner of the land at the time of flooding generally is a living strategy to survive the critical moment by using the principle of subsistence to meet basic needs. Choice of livelihood strategies undertaken by farm workers are living a survival strategy in which farm workers doing the strategy is not only the time of the flood events but also performed at the normal time. Choice of livelihood strategies undertaken by households landowners and farm workers during the normal flood or has the distinction domination of the household. On household land owners, the domination of productive work in the household while her husband is a hodge domination of productive employment is the wife. In related decision making in the household livelihood strategy choices made by households, the household landowners dominated by the husband happens to the household as well as farm laborers.