Quality and Fertility of Local Chicken Spermatozoa in Semen Diluent Supplemented with Monosaccharide and Olive Oil

Abstract

Artificial insemination (AI) can improve the productivity of a chicken. One of the factors that can determine the success of the AI in chickens are semen quality. The semen quality depends on the process of storage (preservation), therefore the need of semen diluent that can ensure the survival of spermatozoa for preservation. The aim of this study was to find the best monosaccharide and level of olive oil in ringer's lactate yolk diluent that could maintain the quality of local chicken spermatozoa. This research consisted of three stage, namely (I) Examination different monosaccharides on semen diluent to sentul kampung crossbreed (SK) spermatozoa motility and viability, (II) Determination of the level/concentration of extra virgin olive oil on the quality of SK chicken spermatozoa, and (III) Examination spermatozoa fertility and fertile period of sentul, kampung, and SK chicken by using a ringer lactate diluent supplemented with monosaccharides and olive oil. Semen was collected using the massage method. Source of semen was used for the first and the second stage coming from SK chicken while the third stage coming from three breeds of chicken, namely sentul, kampung, and SK. The first stage using ringer's lactate egg yolk diluent supplemented with different monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, xylose, and mannose) as a treatment. The second stage using ringer’s lactate egg yolk diluent supplemented with the best monosaccharides from stage I, supplementation with different levels of olive oil (0%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%) used as a treatment. The third stage was fertility test of the best diluent from two previous study by artificial insemination in to hens. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) method with 12 repetitions (the first and the second stage) and 3 repetitions (the third stage). Data analyzed used analysis of variance (ANOVA), then if found differences between treatment continued with Duncan test. The parameters were observed in the first stage and the second stage is spermatozoa motility and viability, while fertility and fertile period spermatozoa were observed in the third stage. The results of the first stage showed no difference on the monosaccharides; glucose, fructose, xylose, and mannose on motility and viability of SK chicken spermatozoa during 60 hours of storage. Descriptively motility and viability of spermatozoa in ringer’s lactate supplemented with fructose higher than other. Base on our finding on the first stage, fructose was choose as energy source for the second stage. Liquid semen was good quality in this research, it can be seem on the spermatozoa motility was stored during 60 hour between 48.3% to 55.42% with viability between 58.59% to 64.83%. The high quality of chicken liquid semen in this research was caused by the composition of the diluent and monosaccharide used could support the vitality of the spermatozoa. The results of the second stage in this research showed that supplementation of 8% olive oil was resulted in spermotozoa motility and viability of SK chicken better than others during 60 hours of storage, this fact that ringer lactate yolk diluent supplemented with fructose and 8% of olive oil was used in the third stage. Olive oil contains a phenolic compound such as hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein which was thought to inhibit lipid peroxidation that could be used as spermatozoa antioxidants, that explain why motility and viability of SK chicken spermatozoa was higher when added with olive oil. The results of the third stage in this research showed that spermatozoa fertility of SK chicken was lower (17.49%) than sentul and kampung chicken (55.88%-73.81%). This difference was likely due to the negative heterosis effect was derived from sentul chicken and kampung chicken to the result of crosses between the two parent stocks. Spermatozoa fertile period were not different between three breed of local chicken which was in the range 12.67-15.67 days. This research concluded that monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, xylose, and mannose) can be used for SK chicken semen diluent during 60 hours of storage. Supplementation of 8% olive oil in ringer’s lactate egg yolk diluent effectively maintain SK semen during 60 hours of storage. Fertility of SK chicken spermatozoa is lower than parent stock, but no difference on the fertile period.