Ekonomi dan Kelembagaan Hutan Rakyat untuk Menunjang Pasokan Bahan Baku Industri Slat Pensil

Abstract

Private forests can cover the shortage of raw materials supply from natural forests. Timber from private forest has a lowed quality, although private forests have a great potensial to use. Usage logs from private forest has showed a positive trend during the last decade. One kind of private forest were potential to be developed is a Pulai (Alstonia sp.) private forest in Musi Rawas. It is evolved considerably because this species are endemic and the market are available. Pulai wood is the main raw material for the production of pencils. Nowdays, supply of logs Pulai had not been optimal for pencil industry during the last 5 years. The purpose of the study were to analyze the feasibility private forest of Pulai (Alstonia sp.), analyzes contributing of private forest income in total income of farmers, analyze institutional private forests and analyzes the factors that affect farmers decisions to commercialize private forest. Study was conducted in Musi Rawas District at two villages namely SP 5 Suka Makmur (monoculture private forest Scheme of Private Forest Business Credit /or KUHR) and Sumber Harta (private forest agroforestry pattern of Pulai and Rubber). This study used survey method and multistage sampling. The results showed that private forest cultivation both monoculture system and agroforestry are feasible. However, agroforestry system are more profitable. Based on the sensitivity analysis, both private forest cultivation systems are sensitive to discharge in revenue compared to if there is increase in costs. Increasing private forest land area correlates with increasing of farmer‟s income and contribution of private forest average 10.3% to total farmer‟s income. The biggest farmers household expenditure are on food needs such as from rice and non-rice. There is growing tendency of private forest land area then the bigger the household expenses. Based on the Sayogyo‟s poverty line criteria, most of farmers in the study site are include on live well category. Pulai wood are tractable, dried, preserved and has a moderate swelling and shrinkage of wood. Pulai wood has known as light wood types, so it could be minimize in cost and effort when transporting. Private forest monoculture in SP 5 Suka Makmur village use cropping systems “cemplongan”, while the private forest in Sumber Harta village using intercropping planting. Farmers made farmers' groups aims to improve the welfare, solve problems and add information. Agroforestry Farmers Group will be exist even with narrow area of the private forest and traditional cultivation system of Pulai, while monoculture Farmers Group of KUHR because it is formed by interesting project will lose its role. The partnership between PT. XIP and monoculture farmer can classified as core-plasma partnership. The farmers provide the land and industry responsibility about cost, inputs, technical guidance and improved technology. Musi Rawas community has been cultivated rubber for a long time, people prefer the rubber business as main livelihood while private forest of Pulai as a sideline which is used as a savings. If farmers have bare land, they prefer to cultivate rubber than pulai. Farmers want to join KUHR program if they have fairly extensive marginal land. Each of the stakeholders involved in the operation private forest have different interests and influence. Stakeholders tend to build cooperation, as a bargaining tool, to build institutional and has a number of agenda to help strengthen the group. Perfomance of pulai-rubber agroforestry business are higher than monoculture. Industry performance in raw material input are low mean while the performance of industry in producing wood processing is quite high. Institutional of private forest has three characteristics: jurisdictional boundary, property right and rule of representation. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that there are two independent variables that significantly influence farmer decision to attempt private forest are land area of private forest and ease of pulai cultivation.