Karakterisasi Keragaman Genetik Beberapa Genotipe Tomat Lokal Hasil Induksi Mutasi

Abstract

Tomato is one of the most important vegetables in Indonesia with increasing demand by increasing its population. The objective of this research was to obtain information of tomato genotype performance and morphological variability from induced mutation process. Genetic material of tomato genotype was obtained by germplasm exploration from different region in Indonesia. Local genotype was mutated by gamma rays at level 990 gray. The experiment research was conducted in September 2014 to January 2015 at Leuwikopo Experimental Field, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University. The characterization was conducted through variability comparison between tomato genotypes without irradiation (M0) and with irradiation (M1). The result of this research elucidated that there are variability in the performance of mutant tomato M1 generation i.e : plant height (cm), stem diameter (cm), flowering age (DAP), harvesting age (DAP), weight of fruit (g), average fruit weight (g), length of pedicel (cm), fruit length (cm), fruit diameter (cm) , fruit softness (mm g-15s-1), and total dissolved solids (ºbrix). The variability in the genotype still occurs seen from the variability performance of qualitative character. The genetic similarity was analyzed by clustering analysis. Clustering analysis from dissimilarity distance resulted that the genotype M0 and M1 is not different at the level of 0.77, indicated that the dissimilarity is low (23%). Dissimilarity coefficient elucidated that M1 and M0 is divided into two cluster. Value of heritability was varied between genotype and character. Clustering analysis for group of genotype M1 resulted different at level 0.5, indicated that the similarity is high (50%). Broad sense of heritability value if more than 50% was stated as high criteria, medium at 20% - 50%, and low if less than 20%.