Responsivitas dan Kapasitas Androgenesis Beberapa Genotipe Cabai dan Terong dalam Kultur Antera pada Media Dua-Lapis

Abstract

Productivity of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L) and eggplant (Solanum melongena L) can be improved through the use of good quality seeds, such as hybrid seeds. Development of hybrid seed requires parental in the form of a pure lines, which is can be produced quickly using anther culture. The purpose of the study was to test the application of anther culture technique with a double-layered medium system that has been developed in hot pepper (pepper method) and tobacco (tobacco method) for several genotypes of hot pepper and eggplant. A double-layered medium system was culturing anther in liquid medium above the solid medium and incubated under certain condition. The result was that the pepper method successfully induced androgenesis for three types of plant that were all genotypes of pepper, eggplant var Antaboga, and tobacco SR1, while tobacco method was only successful for tobacco SR1. Androgenic responsiveness for genotypes tested was big hot pepper var Tombak (77 %), China big hot pepper (67 %), curly type-1 hot pepper (21 %), curly type-2 hot pepper (10 %), and eggplant var Antaboga (7 %). The result of total embryos per bud for each genotype of pepper was 5.7, 1.7, 0.3, and 0.5, respectively. Total embryos for eggplant var Antaboga was 0.2 embryos per bud. The result of ploidy analysis at one anther culture derived plant for curly hot pepper was haploid and eggplant was mixoploid that both proved the androgenesis process. This method of anther culture with pepper method has the potential to be tested on other members of genus Solanum, such as tomato which still quite difficult to induce its androgenesis.