Daerah jelajah dan penggunaan ruang Kukang Jawa (Nycticebus javanicus) di Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak Jawa Barat

Abstract

The Javan slow loris (Nycticebus javanicus) is a slow moving nocturnal prosimian primate. Javan slow lorises are considered Critically Endangered by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN 2013), as well as being listed in Appendix I of Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (2007). To date, there is limited source information available regarding wild loris ecology and behavior. In this study, home range areas and use space of wild javan slow loris was carried out in Mount Halimun-Salak National Park, in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. This study aims to measure home range size and to analyze activity budgets in natural forest conditions. Kernel Home range methods were used to analyze home range areas, while Point Centered Quarter methods were used to collect habitat data, and five minute Instantaneous-Focal Animal Sampling was used to observe and record behavioral data. The observed lorises were two adult females, one of which (Individual I) was pregnant. Analysis showed contiguous home range sizes of 5.43 hectares and 5.58 hectares for Individuals I and II respectively, as well as a core home range area of 1.77 hectares and 1.60 hectares. These home ranges were larger than that reported in Malaysian Nycticebus coucang. Behavioral analysis showed that daily activities were dominated by travel, feeding, active, and foraging, which took place primarily in the lower canopy stratum (2 – 15 m), whereas sleeping typically occurred in the medium canopy stratum height (15 – 22 m). The use of space of javan slow loris correlated with height, substrat, contact, and size of branch. Javan slow loris preferred heights positions (5 – 7 m), and the size of a small twig branch categories. Javan slow loris preferred to use kaliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus), bungbuai (Plectomia elongata), and kisampang (Evodia latifolia) as foraging site and sleeping tree.