Identifikasi Kutudaun (Hemiptera: Aphididae) pada Tanaman Buah di Bogor

Abstract

Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a group of insect pests that have a very wide host range. Almost all plants are the host of aphids. Aphids can reduce the quality and quantity of fruit. This research aimed to know the species diversity of aphids on fruit crops in Bogor. The method used in this research is by collecting aphids and ants on 13 districts in Bogor. Sample of aphids were put in plastic bag then labelled by the location and the name of host plants. Samples then were taken to the laboratory and the number of individuals and the number of winged and wingless aphids in the colony were counted. Aphid specimens in the microscope slides were used for identification to species level using published keys based on morphological characters. Identification of aphids were using these keys: Aphids on the World’s Trees, Aphids of the World Crop, and Aphids on the World’s Herbaceous Plants and Shrubs. There were seven aphid species identified, they were Aphis gossypii Glover, Aphis spiraecola Patch, Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kaltenbach), Pentalonia nigronervosa Coquerel, Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de Fonscolombe), Toxoptera citricidus (Kirkaldy), and Toxoptera odinae (van der Goot). T. aurantii was the most abundant aphid species found in the area. The plant family of Myrtaceae was the most host frequently attacked by aphids. The ants found in the aphid colonies were Dolichoderus sp. and Technomyrmex sp. Based on the morphological character, a pictorial and dichotomous keys of aphids associated with fruit crops were constructed