Karakteristik Kekeringan Hidrologi pada Wilayah Kalimantan Bagian Barat

Abstract

Hydrological drought is a drought type, which influences the availability of water bodies including groundwater. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of hydrological drought and their relationship with El Niño (ENSO) in the western part of Kalimantan. This study used a soil water balance model to estimate monthly groundwater recharge with an input of monthly air temperature and rainfall for 1901-2009. The model was run for two different two soil types (mineral and peat) under natural forest. Hydrological drought on groundwater recharge was identified using monthly varying threshold method. We found that drought duration was about two to five consecutive months either in peat or mineral soil. The southern part of the region was more prone to drought particularly for peat soil. Furthermore, our study confirmed that hydrological drought are more severe than meteorological drought as indicated by the largest duration of drought in recharge until eleven months, whereas meteorological drought only nine months. In strong El Niño years, drought occurences are more severe as indicated by high deficit volume