Penapisan Bakteri Penghasil Senyawa Antimikrob Asal Spons Laut

Abstract

Sponges are invertebrate found on coral reef ecosystems. Sponges produce many bioactive compounds as a result of secondary metabolites. The bioactive compounds is produced by microorganisms in the presence of sponges tissue as symbionts. Bioactive compounds are potential to be used in the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields, one of them is antimicrobial. This study aims to screen bacteria from marine sponges of Bira Island, Thousand Islands, DKI Jakarta Province, namely Callyspongia sp. and Petrosia sp. that could potentially produce antimicrobial compounds. The results of isolation using six types of medium showed a total of 147 bacterial isolates were isolated from the sponge type Callyspongia sp. and Petrosia sp. The suitable mediums used to isolate bacteria associated with sponge to obtain various types of bacterial colonies, were medium Nutrient Agar and Zobel Marine Agar. The results of the screening obtained from 26 isolates (13%) could produce antimicrobial compound. Seven isolates (5%) of them were able to inhibit five bacterial targets, i.e. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739), and Enterophatogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). The isolates were CAL36, CAL42, PTR8, PTR21, PTR40, PTR41 and PTR47. Gram staining performed on 26 bacterial isolates showed all of them belong to the group of gram-negative bacteria. Six isolates among 26 isolates were positive hemolysis derived from the sponge type Callyspongia sp., namely CAL22, CAL24, CAL25, CAL26, CAL34, and CAL49.