Perubahan Karakteristik Biofisik Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Pada Berbagai Umur Menggunakan Data Citra Landsat

Abstract

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) is the second largest agricultural product after rice and has a high potential for Indonesian exports. To increase the production, the area has to be extended to meet the demand, one of the ways is through land conversion. However, those action can lead to the changes of environmental conditions. Therefore, this study aims to identify changes of surface characteristics, ground heat flux, sensible and latent heat flux, the changes of surface and air temperature at various ages of oil palm plantation compared to forest. Estimation of changes in biophysical characteristics using remote sensing was conducted by utilizing the Landsat image data to assess the canopy densities, biophysical characteristics, and surface temperature of oil palm plantation. Albedo value decreased with increasing age, 0.11 for young oil palm, 0.08 for old oil palm. The value of fAPAR increased from 0.78 to 0.83. Sensible heat flux of young oil palm plantation was 123 Wm-2, higher than the old one; 102 Wm-2. Then, the use of energy for evaporating (latent heat flux) of young oil palm plantation was 299 Wm-2, less than the old one; 407 Wm-2. Surface temperature analyzed from image data showed there is a decreasing trend with increasing age: 32.3oC (young oil palm) to 30.8oC (old oil palm).