Pengaruh seleksi domba cepat tumbuh terhadap Produksi dan kualitas karkas

Abstract

Usaha penggemukan ternak domba lokal semakin banyak diminati. Seleksi untuk meningkatkan rataan PBBH (pertambahan bobot badan harian) dapat dicapai, namun dampak seleksi terhadap produksi dan kualitas karkas perlu dipelajari. Penelitian ini dilakukan di peternakan domba “Tawakal Farm”, Cimande, Bogor dan Bagian IPT Ruminansia Kecil dan Bagian IPT Ruminansia Besar, Fakultas Peternakan, Institut Pertanian Bogor, selama delapan bulan (Maret-Oktober 2009). Berdasarkan hasil seleksi terhadap PBBH yang dilakukan selama 3 bulan, maka diperoleh 11 ekor domba cepat tumbuh (CT) dengan PBBH ≥ 150 g/ekor/hari dan 10 ekor domba lambat tumbuh (LT) dengan PBBH ≤ 50 g/ekor/hari. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap bobot karkas, hasil daging, persentase tulang dan berat lemak pelvis dan ginjal domba cepat tumbuh dan lambat tumbuh, antara kedua grup domba tersebut. Sedangkan untuk persentase karkas, persentase daging dan lemak, berat lemak, berat tulang, tebal lemak punggung, luas udamaru dan nilai pH, DMA (% mgH2O), keempukan dan % susut masak tidak terdapat perbedaan yang sangat nyata (P>0,05) antara domba cepat tumbuh dan lambat tumbuh. Seleksi terhadap domba cepat tumbuh dapat direkomendasikan untuk diterapkan karena meningkatkan juga sifat yang dikehendaki, yaitu produksi daging tapi tidak menurunkan produksi dan kualitas karkas. Implementasi seleksi tersebut secara berkesinambungan akan terus dapat meningkatkan performa pertumbuhan domba serta meningkatkan produksi daging dengan tetap menjaga kualitas karkas.

Sheep fattening farms have recently been growing rapidly to produce better quality of sheep meat. Selection on their growth can be achieved, however production and quality of carcase should also be tested. The experiment was conducted at PT Tawakal, a sheep fattening farm located in Caringin, Bogor and Laboratory of small ruminant and large ruminant, Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University. One hundred and sixty nine young male sheep (less than one year old) were selected based on physical judging and their average daily gain (ADG) into two groups (fast growing (FG) and slow growing (SG) sheep) having ADG, respectively above 150 g/head/day) and less than 65 g/head/day. There were very significant differences (P<0,01) on carcass weight, meat yield, bone percentage and weight of pelvic fat and kidney between sheep groups. While for carcass percentage, meat and fat percentage, fat and bone weight, fat thickness, loin eye area, pH value, water holding capacity, tenderness and cooking loss, there were no significant difference between FG and SG lambs. It is concluded that this selection on fast growing sheep can be recommended as increase in ADG did increase expected trait, meat yield, but not carcase percentage and quality. Implementation of this selection continuosly can increase growth performance of local sheep as well as sustainability of good quality of lambs for fattening bussiness.