Kajian Pertumbuhan dan Bioaktivitas Antibakteri Spons Laut Petrosia nigricans yang Ditransplantasikan pada Lingkungan Perairan yang Berbeda

Abstract

Sponges are marine animals known to produce bioactive compounds that are useful as antibiotics, antifungal, antivirus, anticancer, antiinflammation, antioxidant that has continued to be explored. The purpose of this study were (1) to analyze the growth rate and survival rate of transplanted sponges P. nigricans in different water conditions, and (2) to analyze the antibacterial bioactivities of sponges P. nigricans (including chemistry antibacterial component) from nature and transplanted sponges in different water condition. Analysis of variance showed that the survival rate of sponges P.nigricans showed a significant difference between the depth of the location and time of observation. P. nigricans sponge survival rate ranged 90.0-100.0%. The average of survival sponges rate in Pari Island waters higher than in Pramuka Island waters. Average of length growth rate sponge P. nigricans is 4.42±0.066-6.15±0.88% per month. The average of survival sponge rate at 15 meters depth was higher than in 7 meters depth. P. nigricans sponge survival rate was high compared to some sponge transplant research before. Based on toxicity tests with brine shrimp lethsality method (LC50), the result was range between 36.95-73.76 μg/ml. This P. nigricans was toxic sponges and have the potential development for pharmaceutical ingredients. P. nigricans crude extracts sponges naturally from Pari Island waters was larger inhibition zone than in Pramuka Island waters. Analysis of inhibition zone variance bacteria showed very different results in different locations Pramuka and Pari and not significantly different month observation. P. nigricans bioactivity sponges have the higher inhibition potential to Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli on total organic matter rich waters. The results of inhibition analysis showed the sponge transplants E. coli and S. aureus was different results and significantly differences in location and depth, both Pari and Pramuka sponges observation. Inhibition zone average sponge transplants of E. coli bacteria content 15 mg/ml ranged from 4.53±1.01- 5.81±1.21mm and S. aureus bacteria between 8.31±2.12-12.08±2.32 mm. Bioactivity of transplants sponge is lower than natural sponges. Research result showed that there were tight relation between age of sponge P. nigricans and bioactive compound from sponges’s crude extract in different depth at Pari and Pramuka Island seawater with high correlation coefficient value. Correlation value of age and bioactive compound from sponges’s crude extract was about 0.953- 0.981. Identification of active compounds based on Gas Chromatography analysis from transplants sponge retention time 5.84 of 7.82% presentations area be fathomed compounds from 2-pentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-méthyl (CAS) and for natural with a retention time 8.59 of 11.54% presentations area be fathomed compounds from cyclohexan-2-1-one, 3,5,5-trimethyl. High growth rate and survival, and the contents of bioactive compounds indicate that P. nigricans sponge is promising candidates for further cultivation in natural habitats and ponds.