Influence of Mechanical Stimulation on Elasticity of Bone Tissue Based Finite Element Method

Abstract

The main component of bone is cortical and trabecular bone. Density of cortical bone is higher than the trabecular bone. Bone remodelling is the process of resorption and formation on the bone. Remodelling of the bone consists of four phases i.e. resorption, reversal, formation, and resting phase. One of the factors was mechanical stimulation of remodelling bone. This research aims to know the effect of mechanical stimulation on bone density and calculation the ultimate elasticity bone. This research consists of three stages, calculation stress, strain, and strain rate on the resting phase. Then, calculation density cortical and trabecular bone. The final stage is to calculate the ultimate elastisity of bones. On the phase reversal, the bone density is the lowest value. As a result of mechanical stimulation on the phase reversal will stimuli the formation of bone. Due to differences in the mechanical stimuli (standing and walking) an increase in stress, strain, and strain rate 35%. Due to changes of bone age (decrease of two decades), cortical stress increased by 1.47% to 2 %, the strain increased 3.22% to 4.93%, and the strain rate increased 3.92% to 3.98 %. While the increased stress trabecular on bone 0.68% to 0.81%, strain increases from 0% to 4.55 %, and the strain rate increased 1.41% to 7%. Using equation V. Klika and Marsik produced density the cortical and trabecular bone. The femur with modulo Young 17.9 MPa and force 1300 N obtained exactness trabecular againts results experiment 96.67% and in cortical 77.26%. The femur with modulo Young 17.9 MPa and force 1755 N obtained exactness trabecular againts results experiment 90.87% and in cortical 81.27%. The femur with modulo Young 17.184 MPa and force 1300 N obtained exactness trabecular againts results experiment 94.26% and in cortical 70%. On the phase inversal, bone density was minimum value so happen oscillation stain could active osteoblast and bone formation. Whereas, in phase rest where bone density is at the highest value that external pressure no impact on the strain. Cortical bone of femur ultimate elasticity (ultimate stress and strain) due to change in physiological activity (force 1300 to 1755 N) ultimate stress rise 5.75% and ultimate strain 6%.Whereas, due to age (two decade) ultimate stress drop at 14% and ultimate strain 15%.