Induksi Keragaman Genetik Lili untuk Merakit Varietas Resisten terhadap Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lilii secara In vitro

Abstract

Lily is an important flower for floriculture industries. Up till now planting materials of lily are obtained from import. Therefore, development of mass propagation method of lily is needed. Optimalization culture condition through modification of media containing sugar, light and darkness culture are also important. In other side, inducing genetic variability is urgently done to provide new types of flower that are always needed by market. Induce variability through Gamma irradiation and EMS, in vitro selection using selection media containing fusaric acid (FA) and measure total of saponin contents were conducted in this study. The objectives of the research were to develop in vitro propagation technology of lily and induce their variabilities through Gamma irradiation and EMS mutagen. One of lily variance that are expected to be appeared is the ones that resistant to Fusarium oxysporum. They will be obtained from in vitro selection of lily variance to fusaric acid and analysis of saponin contents. Two types of lily, Asiatic and Orientals lily were used in this study. Planlets lily could be produced using filaments. MS medium containing TDZ 0.1 mgl-1 and Kinetin 0.1 mgl-1 could induced callus on 14 days after culture. MS medium containing TDZ (thidiazuron) 0.2 mgl-1 and Kinetin 0.3 mgl-1 was produce the highest fresh weight of callus. The optimum bulbs formation were achieved on dark culture condition and media containing 45 gl-1 of sugar. MS medium using NAA 2 mgl-1 was induced the highest rooting in lily. The variability of lily increased by application of Gamma irradiation and EMS mutagen. Radiosensitivity of Gamma irradiation depended on the type of lily. Asiatik lily cv. Purple Maroon was more sensitives than Oriental lily cv. Sorbon. Lethal dose (50%) of Asiatic lily cv. Purple Maroon was achieved on 33.49 Gy and 46.68 Gy for Oriental lily cv. Sorbon. The precentage of survival callus was decreased on higher dose of Gamma irradiation. Mutation induction using EMS was not caused lethal concentration yet, but it was influenced for shoots production. The highest concentration of EMS was decreased total number of shoots. Resistance plantlets of fusaric acid (FA) were achieved on in vitro selection, about 36 clones were resistance to FA. In vitro selection was showed that Oriental lily cv. Frutty Pink was more resistant on selected media than Asiatic lily cv. Purple Maroon on the same concentration of FA. Saponin contents of lily which induced by mutagen could be increased and it was could be as indicator for resistance to Fusarium oxysporum. Saponin contents of Asiatic lily cv. Purple Maroon was increased 0.02% and 0.22% for Oriental lily cv. Frutty Pink.