Perbanyakan tanaman sagu (Metroxylon spp.) secara ex vitro(di persemaian polibag dan rakit) dan in vitro melalui kultur jaringan

Abstract

Present studies were carried out to determine the effect of auxin, weight of sucker, on root induction and growth variables in nursery of sago seedlings. The research were used Darmaga accession (spineless). For this purpose some parameters were studied after treating suckers with some auxin concentrations, i.e. control (without growth regulators/ 0 mM), 7.40 mM naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 7.40 mM indole butyric acid (IBA), and 7.40 mM commercial auxin, and weight of sucker i.e 500-999 g, 1 000-1 499 g, and 1 500-2 000 g, with polybag and raft nursery. The treatments were applied by one method (quick dip) and the treated suckers were submerged 30 minutes in pesticides before. This research was conducted at Cikarawang, Dramaga, Bogor, West Java and Physiology and Chromatoghraphy Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University, from July 2012 to Mart 2013. The result from polybag nursery showed that suckers weight 1 000-1 499 g and 1 500-2 000 g were not significantly different on polibag nursery. The result of without auxin, IBA, NAA, and commercial auxin treatments for survival rate were 52%, 70%, 62%, 53% respectively. Increasing percentage of starch content in line with the increasing weight of sucker. On the raft nursery,treatment of NAA showed significantly inhibit seedling growth, as indicated by reduction the 1st rachis height and amount of 1st rachis leaflets compare with kontrol and commercial auxin. Treatments of auxin did not give significantly different on some variables (number of primary roots, number of aerenchym roots, and the length of root. Survival rate percentage of seedlings were obtained 65% (for both weight sucker 1 000 – 1 499 g and 1 500-2 000 g) on 4 month after nursery (MAN), while the sucker weights 500-999 g produced survival rate percentage is lower than 40%. Either polybag and raft nurseries, showed that there were significantly different to height of abnormal rachis, number of leaflets of abnormal rachis, number of leaflets of 1st rachis, diameter of 1st rachis, number of primary roots, and aerenchyma roots. Both of nursery techniques were not significantly different on percentage of survival rate seedlings. Rachis diameter in raft nursery was significantly higher than in polybag nursery, 5.9 cm and 1.2 cm respectively. The number of primary roots at polybag higher than at raft nursery.Combination treatments of without auxin and suckerr weight 500-999 g has a number of primary roots 5.5 at polibag nursery and 0.13 at raft nursery. Combination treatments of 7.04 mM IBA, without auxin auxin and suckerr weight 1000-1499 g have a number of primary roots 9.6 and 18.2 at polibag nursery and 0.19 and 0.73 at raft nursery, respectively. Combination treatments of without auxin, 7.04 mM IBA, 7.04 AK and suckerr weight 1500-2000 g have a number of primary roots 7.6, 6.8, and 8.8 at polibag nursery and 0.31, 0.29, dan 0.33 at raft nursery, respectively.But, a number of aerenchyma roots at raft nursery were higher than at polybag nursery i.e. 7.08 dan 1, respectively. In vitro culture for sago palm from shoot tip and young leaf explants were conducted. This study was carried out to understand the embriogenesys and organogenesis of sago palm. Shoot tip of sago sucker was excised and simultaneously sterilised by using sterilizing agents. Some sterilization methods were conducted, but persentation of aseptic culture was limited. Callus was not succesfully induced from young leaf explant.