Studi pengembangan ruang terbuka hijau dengan pendekatan konsep kota hijau di Kota Kandangan, Kalimantan Selatan

Abstract

Green Open Space (RTH) is an important part of spatial planning as a counterweight for city ecosystem. Conversion of green land into built land by uncontrolled urban growth have caused micro climate change and decreased comfort. To overcome this problem, the government introduced Act No. 26/2007 about Spatial Planning, which required each county to provide 30% of its territory as RTH. Ministry of Public Works introduced the Green City Development Program (P2KH) to assist the implementation of the mandate of this Act. Kandangan is a growing city and rapidly developing physical infrastructure. This resulted an increasing amount of built land from 9,54% to 16,74% during the period of 2008 – 2010. This tends to be followed by a reduction in thermal comfort due to rising annual average air temperature 0f 26,79 oC to 27,36 oC during the same period. This research was conducted with the aims: (1) Identifying and mapping existing condition of Kandangan City RTH, (2) Analyzing requirements of Kandangan city green open space based on vast territory, population, thermal comfort dan community preferences, (3) Arranging development strategy to increase the amount of green open space in Kandangan city. The research was held in the Kandangan City, Hulu Sungai Selatan, South Kalimantan since mid April to October 2013. In the early stages implemented RTH existing inventory and mapping. Analysis of green open space requirement is calculated based on vast territory in accordance with Act No. 26/2007, based on predictions of population up to 20 years (2032) with green open space requirement standard per capita as in Permen PU No. 5/PRT/M/2008, based on thermal comfort index using the method developed by Niewolt (1975) and based on community preferences with Analytical Hierarchy process (AHP). Green Open Space is the attribute from Green City Concept approach which is used as a strategy to achieve the requirement of the green open space. The result are then integrated into the land use plan or Zoning Regulation in RDTRK of Kandangan City. The result showed Kandangan City RTH is currently dominated by private RTH as agricultural land (83,26%). Pubic RTH available is only 0,22% of Kandangan City territory. This public RTH is distributed around the city center and main roads. Therefore, the development of Kandangan City RTH focused on fulfilling requirement of public RTH which is 20% of its vast territory. The requirement of Kandangan City public RTH based on vast territory is 739,38 ha and based on total population predicted by 2032 is 170,85 ha. Based on thermal comfort, Kandangan City still in comfortably range, except on buildt land with less vegetation cover. Community preferences give the highest weight to ecological function, the spread distribution, the shape is green corridor, supporting facilities for recreational activities, plant shade trees and native local plants. Green City attribute which is used for RTH development efforts in Kandangan City is Green Open Space. Development strategy that can be applied in Kandangan City is building green open spaces (hub) with expansion through the acquisition of new land, developing green corridor (link), and quality improvement through refunction of existing RTH. Based on Zoning Regulation, Kandangan City development strategy focused on maintaining continuity of existing RTH function as agricultural land. The requirement of RTH is distributed by the division part of the city (BWK) according to RDTRK of Kandangan City, as a hierarchical network model. Strategies and referrrals for development of Green Open Space of Kandangan City are intensification by increasing the quality of existing RTH and extensification by acquisition of new land for RTH. Other efforts are inauguration of the green lands for production, conservation and preservation as eternal green lands by reconciliation of Zoning Regulation (re-zoning), inauguration of green lane network (green corridor), and expand the use of ecological function to manage the thermal condition of the city.