A Study on Sustainability of Small Holder Dairy Farming on Agroforestry System: Case Study in Lembang West Java Province, Indonesia.

Abstract

Dairy farming practices is one of the empowerment agriculture sectors in Asia, due to Labor and nutrition fact on milk. The fastest dairy farming development found in Java island, noted as the most populated island in Indonesia. Todays, farmers conduct endeavor varied ways in filling forage demand for the dairy cattle, one of them by Agroforestry system. An appropriate management on Agroforestry system is highly required in enhancing forage production. However, the information of potency that might be occuring not clearly understood, therefore the broad objection of this research is to explore the potency of Agroforestry system due to sustainability of small scale dairy farming. The observation of Agroforestry system was conducted in Lembang (West Java). Several plots have been designed West Java and As 78 of farmers have been involved. We observed, more than 36% of dairy farmers attempted the forage by utilizing forest area. We calculate the highest forage yield was gained in low-density forage (21.01 Mg/ha, 12% shading level). The lower forage yield (7.09 Mg/ha) was found in middle density plot, since it higher levels of shade (78%). In general discussion, it could be seen that in higher density plot showed higher nutrients compound specially in DM, fiber, protein and fat. Experimental field has been design to understand the effect of shading treatment to the forage. In field experiment research there were two kinds of variety forage used; P. purpureum (King Grass) and S. Splendida. Pointed on the influence of shading levels, we were stressing on several treatments; un-shaded (0%) and shade treatments. The artificial shading treatment (60% and 80%) was applied for this research. Organic fertilizer was used as the secondary factor. As 30 Mg/ha, 20 Mg/ha and 10 Mg/ha of organic fertilizer were conducted. We were simulating for 40d, 50d and 60d of the harvest time. Therefore, totally 81 plots have been designed for this research. As 31.1% of forage yield was slowly decreasing as increasing shading intensities.Underneath shading condition such as 60% and 80%, the forage yield required higher organic fertilizer. In 40 and 50 days of plantation, the additional 30 Mg/ha organic fertilizer presences the highest forage yield underneath limitation of sun availability. The plant height was gradually increasing with the higher number of levels of shade. Chlorophylls content were the other respond showed by plant as the effect of shading treatment. It could be obtained that as 29.03% and 23.41% of chlorophyll content was increasing rapidly on P. purpureum, and S. splendida respectively. The average of DM production was depleting as 28.69% for S. splendida, this amount was lower compared with P. purpureum (36.50%). Ash compound was significantly influenced ash content (p<0.05). We also observed that levels of shade has a significantly effect due to fat content on P. purpureum (P<0.05). The average of data gained showed that fat content was increase for 16.35% as the raising of levels of shade in S. splendida. The less number of irradiance accepted by plants, showed the increment of protein content (%) (p<0.05). The average of crude protein content was increasing for 26.95% in P. purpureum and 23.41% in vi S. splendida. There was a trend on the increment of crude fiber content influenced by Levels of shade and Defoliation management. We calculated TDNA (Total Digestible Nutrient Available), that provided in forest in supplying TDN amount for the feed of dairy cattle in Lembang. The calculation of TDNA (Mg/yr) was carrying in two varied ways. The first was the actual TDNA in agroforestry system (TDNA without management improvement). In addition we also acquired the information regarding TDND (Total Digestible Nutrient Demand). We gained that as totally 15782 LSU was requiring approximately 35.895,15 TDN Mg/yr. It was gained that as 7.012,04 Mg/yr of TDN in the Agroforestry system in Lembang. In another hand, it affirmed that TDNA without management improvement supported 19.53% of totally TDND of the dairy cattle. Moreover, we also verified the amount of TDNA with management improvement. Likewise, the additional organic fertilizer and defoliation management has been conducted in order to improve forage production and its quality. We also obtained the number of carrying capacity (C) for 3100 LSU amounts of dairy cattle. This number increases with management improvement for 5411 LSU. We calculate that as 19.760,74 IDR/ days did dairy farmers issue the daily feed cost. The daily feed cost will be lower for 15.16% or as 21.561 IDR/days since farmers do some management improvement. Highlighted on the farmers income, we also obtained that profit was higher for 17.63%.. It was gained, as 18.38% of cost per unit and its price were getting higher with better improvement management.