Kesesuaian desain dan konstruksi cantrang pada kapal 20 GT untuk peningkatan performa operasional

Abstract

Danish seine net called in Indonesia language “cantrang” is a fishing gear shaped a pocket made with two seams of webbing, without any net mouth opening equipment. Since 1960, cantrang known as one of the popular fishing gear fishing in the north coast of Java. Post issued Presidential Decree No. 39 in 1980 which prohibits the use of trawl nets have an impact on fishing trawlers. Furthermore trawl fishermen replace with cantrang. There are various design and construction of the Danish seine net with a different measurement. The fisherman used various capacity of the cantrang boat. Regulation of government had permits fisherman using not more than 30 GT. Therefore, it needs on assessment of suitability of the gear related to the net dimension and boat size with respect to the level of working comfort onboard. The general objective of this study is to determine appropriateness of Danish seine net dimension and onboard area for more optimum used regarding safety of fishing operation. The specific objectives are: (1) To predict height of mouth opening of the Danish seine net through laboratory test of the model scaled net on the flume tank; (2) To assess the design and construction through determining the shape of Danish seine net and to compare the net components used on 20 GT boat; (3) To analysis the net layout, work – network and utilizing level of area onboard by considering working comfort for fishing operation effectiveness. In this study, primary data collected used a purposive sampling method for the danish seine boat of 20 GT based in Rembang Regency and Archipelagic Fishing Port (PPN) of Brondong. The data analyses used were a flume tank laboratory test analysis, comparison analysis, net work analysis and work safety assessment. Dimension (long x wide) of cantrang Rembang was 51,56 x 37,72 meters and Brondong 43,52 x 49,35 meters with 2 seams system. The data analysis shows that circumference of mouth 55 m dan 46,56 m. The Simulations of buoyancy of heard rope and shinking force of ground rope shows the additioning of floats and shinkers was increased the vertical or high of net mouth and cantrang could touch of ground. Danish seine net has technical characteristic of 60% matched with the national standard value (SNI 01-72312006). The net used by the fishers has more net panels (11-13 panels) that made the body on net was longer. The result shows that the height of net mouth opening on the flume tank current speed of 20, 30 and 50 cm/s was 34, 24 and 18 cm, respectively these values indicated the height of net mouth opening decreased by the increase of the water current in the flume tank. The shape mouth of net was a circle an oval shape and body of net its like cone. The on board working area is very limited, where as every activity position of crews has accident probability. The cantrang operation was stared from setting such as throwing of float, circling of warp rope, release the net and taking the float. Some accident probabilities were related to pacing activity of crews during fishing operation of danish seine net. The result of Formal Safety Analysis (FSA), there was some activities had dangerous level. The highest probability accident during hauling activity, especially on preparation of auxiliary machinery (gardan) that cause dead.