Induksi Embrio Somatik Kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora Piere ex Froehner) dengan Penambahan Auksin serta Sitokinin secara in Vitro.

Abstract

Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora Piere ex Froehner) is an essential commodity in Indonesia. The objective of this research was to obtain the best media to induce somatic embryos of Robusta coffee for seedlings production. The explants were Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora Piere ex Froehner) variety BP 358 x BP 42 and induced by 2,4-D as auxin and BA or 2iP as cytokinins. Auxin and cytokinin as plant growth regulator and the interaction itself have no significant difference to induce callus from leaves explant. The highest persentage of callus from leaves explant is 86.7% in the medium with 5 μM 2,4-D and 20 μM BA. The interaction between 2,4-D as the auxin and BA or 2iP cytokinin has no significant difference to induce proembryo to become cotiledinary embryo. The highest persentage of proembryo was 81.04% in the medium with addition of 20 μM BA as cytokinin concentration. Embryo induction medium and also the interaction embryo induction medium with proembryo medium have no significant difference to induce proembryo become cotiledinary embryos. The effect of proembryo medium was significant difference the embryo growth at 19 week-after-treatment and also the embryo growth in 20 and 21 week-after-treatment. The highest persentage of proembryo become cotiledonary embryo is 33.3% in combination medium 0 mg l-1 2,4-D and in ½ MS medium with 4 mg l-1 BA. The highest persentage of germination is 82 % using 5 μM GA3. The highest number of embryo germination is 14.8 per 5 clumps in medium with 10 μM GA3 from proembryo which came from combination medium added with 1 μM 2,4-D dan 20 μM BA