Dinamika total factor productivity perikanan budidaya air tawar dan dampaknya terhadap perekonomian Jawa Barat

Abstract

West Java is one of the provinces in Indonesia that has the most dominant existing producer of freshwater aquaculture. West Java has an area of pond, fish paddy rice pond, floating net cages (KJA), and the amount of freshwater fishery farmers greater than most other provinces in Indonesia. On the other hand, the share of freshwater aquaculture from West Java to Indonesia’s aquaculture, tends to be stagnant in the last five years. Therefore it is necessary to exert efforts to develop of freshwater aquaculture in West Java. Strategic development direction is development by increasing productivity, especially in improving the quality of inputs, known as Total Factor Productivity (TFP). Increase in TFP will significantly affect production and will increase contribution to the economy of West Java. This study have three objectives: first, get explaining of the dynamics of Total Factor Productivity, both productivity growth rate and the level of productivity, in freshwater aquaculture on West Java. Second, find out what are the factors that affect the productivity of freshwater aquaculture. Third, know the implications of the dynamics of productivity to the economy of West Java. This study employs four methods: first analytical method was used the analysis of changes in Total Factor Productivity index. This method was used to measure the amount of change in a district TFP index in two different times. The second analytical method used was analysis interspatial TFP index. This method was used to measure the level of TFP among the districts in West Java. Third, econometric analysis was used to identify the factors that affect the productivity of freshwater aquaculture in West Java. Fourth, Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the data between the populations of the two median TFP. The result showed that in the period analyzed, the amount of speed change TFP index that uses media aquaculture ponds, rice fields and KJA has not changed. This is reinforced by the findings in the analysis of TFP interspatial. From the aspect of TFP levels interspatial value of aquaculture fish in rice fields have a value of TFP change index and the index of the smallest interspatial TFP, followed next aquaculture fish in the pond, and the largest in the KJA. This is consistent with the level of intensification is used. From the aspect of dynamics interspatial grade level TFP, TFP index interspatial in freshwater aquaculture in West Java has increased in the period 1997-2002 and then declined in the period 2002-2011. This is presumably due to the declining quality of the aquatic environment and the absence of an increase in the input of new technologies such as a new strain of fish that excel in the last ten years. Various inputs in aquaculture production was greatly affected the productivity of aquaculture itself. Factors that significantly affect the level of TFP index is the quality of the seed and feed quality. The higher the quality of the seed and feed, the greater the TFP index. Seed quality is reflected in the high number of fish seed survival until they can be harvested as a food fish, and the high growth rate of the fish itself. Feed quality is reflected in the ratio of the amount of feed given to the fish meat is produced. Increase or decrease of Total Factor Productivity will affect to the increase or decrease in fish production. Increase or decrease in production will directly influence the high or low value of fisheries production. Dynamics in the production and value of production that would affect the dynamics of freshwater aquaculture contribution to some aspect of the economy of the region as contributing to the Regional GDP and own source revenue (PAD) from freshwater aquaculture sector. Freshwater aquaculture in the KJA has a share of more than a third of West Java freshwater fish production. It is therefore very important to maintain the sustainability of fisheries that use this KJA media. Over capacity occurring in aquaculture that uses media KJA would threaten the sustainability of aquaculture in KJA. Therefore, it should be anticipated by rationalizing the number of operating KJA and prepare increasing fish production through aquaculture other media. With some consideration, pond culture media is the alternative choice to replace declining production by increasing productivity KJA and pond culture area. Required an expansion of the pool area as well as an increase in productivity that can replace potential lost production through rationalization of KJA.