Eksternalitas Negatif Pencemaran Sungai Kampar Akibat Kegiatan Penambangan Emas Tanpa Izin (PETI)

Abstract

One of the natural resources utilization can be conducted from mining sector, both in a legal and illegal. One of the mining common conducted by the society is Gold Mining without Authorization (PETI). Generally, people conduct the PETI activity in a river, that will bring negative impacts such as water and soil contamination, also have negative damage both healthy and the ecosystem of resources. PETI has been threaten for people life which utilize river as the place to fulfill their daily needs. This research has been conducted to determine the negative externality perceived by the people through Kampar River contamination as the impact of illegal golden mining activities. The specific objective of this research was to describe the PETI activity in Kampar River, to identify the negative externality perceived by the people through river contamination as the impact of PETI activity, and to estimate PETI eligibility to pay for the eradication of Kampar River contamination. The method used in this research was the descriptive analysis and estimate the value of Willingness to Pay (WTP) by the miner with the CVM approaching method. The sampling conducted by purposive sampling method from people lived around Kampar River, PETI miner and stakeholder. The result of this research showed that PETI activity had been conducted since 2008 with the total miner of 150 people. PETI effect the negative externality perceived by the people live around Kampar River. The miners were eligible to pay the cost for the eradication of river contamination. The average estimated value of WTP in small scale miner was Rp 34 999 per mining per person and big scale miner was Rp 50 000 per mining per person. There were 4 factors affect the amount of WTP value there were age, revenue level, family responsibility number and time for the miner stayed