Pola Spread Harga Gabah dan Beras di Indonesia : Suatu Indikasi Efektivitas Perubahan Kelembagaan Bulog

Abstract

The stable and affordable rice price is one of the components that well contributed to the food security in Indonesia. One of the rice problems is related to its price spread, farmers as a rice producer want to get high rice price, and on the other hand consumers want to get low rice price. Government intervention, especially Bulog, is needed in order to maintain a good price for consumers and producers. However, many parties had been expected that this role was decreased. It had been showed by the price spread that increased since 1998. The objectives of this paper are to analyze the price movement of paddy and rice at the farmer, wholesaler, and consumer levels, as well as the type of price spread between paddy and rice in various islands and big cities in Indonesia. As the result, it can be concluded that paddy price at the farmer level is more volatile than rice price at the consumer and wholesaler levels. Moreover, the rice price in the various islands and big cities in Indonesia when Bulog functioned as LPND (1999-2002) was more volatile than the status as Perum (2003-2008). On the other hand, the national paddy price was more stable when Bulog functioned as Perum. It implies that rice policy stands up for the consumers and sellers rather than for the producers or farmers. Price spread between paddy and rice was increasing from time to time, but the price fluctuation during the Perum period was better than LPND period.