Pengembangan UKM sentra industri pengolahan kerupuk ikan dan udang dengan pendekatan soft system methodology

Abstract

Industry competition currently require the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have competitive advantage. The study aims to formulate a policy alternate for SMEs development of center of fish and shrimp crackers processing industry in Indramayu by soft systems methodology (SSM) approach and new institutionalism in economics and sociology (NIES) with the specific purpose are: to analyze the main problems that occur, to formulate institutional framework, and to develop strategy for SMEs. Considering any problematic situation that needs to be improved, then used three-level analysis of the level of institutional macro, meso, and micro which based on the NIES, and using the SSM-based action research as a methodology. Based on the analysis of the competitiveness of SMEs obtained that the center is low, due to some problems faced at the macro level, (1) organizing, and (2) programs, activities, and budget; the meso level: the role of cooperative institution and associations, and at the micro level, (1) the capacity of human resources, (2) capital compliance, and (3) adequacy of raw material. The NIES framework using for SMEs development in the three levels of overall institutional framework shows (1) regulation, (2) the role of cooperatives institution and associations, and (3) internal constraints/problems in supporting the achievement of competitiveness of the center. These interrelationships form a synergistic relationship in three levels based on the competitiveness of the institutional framework, as follow (1) relationship in a top-down (macro-to meso and micro); and (2) relationships in a bottom-up (micro-to meso to macro). Development strategy for SMEs are improving capacity of the center which competitive supported by appropriate policies from the central and local government, through the strategy as follow (1) the establishment of the secretariat/working group for SMEs development to manage duties and functions; (2) mechanism to accommodate by the aspirations of the community; (3) increasing role of cooperatives institution and associations as a facilitator for SMEs interest in micro level, (4) increasing the capacity of human resources; (5) fulfillment of capital, and (6) adequacy of raw materials.