Pengaruh Irradiasi Sinar Gamma pada Pertumbuhan Kalus dan Tunas Tanaman Gandum (Triticum aestivum)

Abstract

The main purpose of plant breeding is to improve existing varieties to obtain superior varieties. This aim of t successful of gamma irradiation rays is influenced by the sensitivity of plant genotype. This aim of this research was to determine lethal dosage 20 (LD20) and 50 (LD50) calli wheat Dewata varieties after irradiated by gamma rays. The successful of gamma irradiation rays is influenced by the sensitivity of plant genotype. The research was conducted on July-December 2011 in the laboratory of BB-Biogen and PATIR BATAN. The experiments were arranged factorial in Randomized Completely Design 1 x 4, with 3 replications. The first factor is wheat Dewata varieties. The second factor is the gamma irradiation dose of 0; 7.5; 15; 22.5 and 30 Gy. The observed variables were calli growth and percentage growth shoots. Data were analyzed using SAS program 9.1. The LD20 and LD50 were determined using Curve-Fit Best Program Analysis. The results showed that the dose of irradiation significantly affect wheat calli growth inhibition. The percentage of live shoots decreased with increase in irradiation dose. Survival decrease drastically even shoots do not grow at all and colored albino at a dose of 30 Gy. Highest percentage of live shoots at a dose of 15 Gy. Contained the highest percentage of calli growth at doses of 7.5 Gy. The higher dose of irradiation is used, the percentage of shoots that grow less or lower regeneration. Increased genetic diversity found in wheat calli irradiation treatment between LD 20 and LD 50 is the dose of gamma rays irradisi 15 - 22.5 Gy. The best model lethal dose for calli growth quadratic form with the equation Y = 86.28 - 6.47 x + 0.13 x2, LD20= 0.99 Gy and LD50 = 6.41 Gy. As for the percentage of calli were able to germinate and generations have grown calli equations based on the percentage of Y = 100.28 - 0.87x - 0.05 x2, LD20 = 13.14 Gy and LD50 = 24.00 Gy.