The Role of Productive Credit for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise in Indonesia Economic: Macro and Micro Approaches

Abstract

The productive credit for micro, small and medium enterprise (MSME/UMKM) channelled through public credit program namely Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) looks forward as a solution of capital shortage. The shortage is the main threat for UMKM and cooperation enterprise to run and expand their businesses. This study is aimed to identify the imapct of productive credit KUR the economic performance as shown by output increase in GDP or national economic growth, capitalization, people’s income, labor absorption, and impact optimality. Moreover, the study provides suggestions and or recommendations for the program improvement in the future. The study accompplishes the macroeconomy and microeconomy analysis. The macro analysis exercise uses the Indonesian Financial SAM (F-SAM) of 2005 base year model and secondary data of the program KUR. On the other hand, the micro analysis utilizes primary data in a cross section econometric model and cross tab analysis. The primary data is obtained from field survey to the businessmen in six districts, Jakarta Selatan Municipality, Tangerang Selatan Municipality, Bogor Regency, Kudus Regency, Sidoarjo Regency, and Sleman Regency. The macroeconomic analysis shows that credit allocation by KUR can increase economic growth by 0.59 percent, provide more capital by 2,93 percent, raise employment opportunities by 0.55 percent, and rise income by 0.5 percent. The simulation results on the most optimal KUR program when major of credit allocation is for the non financial enterprise. The microeconomic analysis, in addition, shows two advantages of the program in comparison with the non KUR program. The advantages are faster credit disbursement and reduction in urban bias of credit channeling. The productive credit also provides evidence of positive impact on the business revenue, profits, capitalization, and labor. Thus, the most significant impact on increase of labor absorption by productive credit UMKM is an evidence of its efficiency to reduce unempoyment and poverty alleviation in the long term.