Community Participation in the Activity of Land Conservation: The Case Role of Forestry Extension Governmental (PKSM) of Bima District, West Nusa Tenggara

Abstract

Forests as capital development needs to be protected and utilized as much as possible for the benefit and welfare of the community. The fact that damage forests is increasing from year to year, which resulted in land degradation thus forming a critical, therefore there is need for land conservation efforts through various program activities. This land conservation efforts will work well to engage the community around the forest as the main actors in implementing land conservation, especially conservation land outside the forest area is arable land owned by the farmers themselves through Community Forests (HR) and agroforestry. Law number 41 year of 1999 concerning Forestry stated that the implementation of forest and land rehabilitation preferred implementation through participatory approach in the context of community development and community empowerment. Law Nummber 16 Year 2006 on the Extension System for Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, also mandates that the public be placed as the main actors in extension activities. Generally the people who are around the forest, have limited access to the knowledge, skills and willingness to implement conservation land, therefore need to be given guidance and increased knowledge through extension activities and continuous approach. Implementation of forestry extension, according to Law No. 16/2006, conducted by the extension of Civil Servants (PNS), private instructor and / or Extension Forestry Governmental (PKSM). The existence and role of PKSM is expected to be one of the encoureg factors for increased community participation in planning, implementation, use and evaluation of conservation land. PKSM mentoring role is as analyzers, stimulator, facilitator and encoureger. Other factors that also affected the level of community participation are the characteristics of individual farmers such as age, formal and non-formal education, income, dependents, land area, land status, motivation and kekosmopolitan and the role and function of the peasantry as a class learning, collaboration and production unit vehicle . PKSM mentoring role than a role in increasing participation, is also expected to affect the characteristics of the individual and the role and function of the farmer groups. This study aimed to: 1) measure the level of community participation in implementing land conservation activities, 2) analyze the individual characteristics factors that most affect the level of community participation in land conservation, 3) analyze the role of mentoring PKSM forms that affect the level of community participation in activities land conservation, and 4) analyze the role and function of farmer groups that can affect the level of community participation in land conservation. This research using survey method, conducted in 5 sub districts (Ambalawi, Belo, Wawo, Wera, Woha) in Bima districts, West Nusa Tenggara, samples taken by random and proportional (proportional random sampling). The analysis used is descriptive and inferential statistics. Frequency distribution is used to determine the characteristics of individual farmers, role of PKSM, the role and functions of the farmers group and the level of community participation. Analysis correlation of variables using Spearman rank correlation with SPSS 20.0 software. The results showed that the level of community participation in implementing land conservation activities were high. Factors related to the individual characteristics of the real with the participation was non-formal education and number of dependents. PKSM mentoring role as analyzers, stimulator, facilitator and driving very real associated with the level of participation at every stage of participation. The role and function of farmer groups as units of learning, collaboration and rides very real production unit associated with the level of participation of farmers. The level of community participation in land conservation Bima already high and this condition is influenced by the role PKSM ongoing mentoring and role functioning farmer groups, therefore there should be efforts to further development of the local, provincial and central to improving capacity building and knowledge PKSM so PKSM can continue to do outreach and assistance to the public. This guidance could be training, field trips, competitions included on forestry and environment, or more intensive assistance of extension of civil servants, but it also needs to be given infrastructure assistance, and opportunity as facilitator in extension activities outside the village residence that may progress PKSM. To farmers who participated in land conservation is given in the form of capacity building training related to forestry and land conservation field trips to areas that have been successful. Institutional strengthening and training to farmer groups for the provision of activities, facilities and infrastructure that support so that the farmer can remain independent and advanced.