Pengaruh Perajangan Bunga Kenanga (Canangium odorotum Baill), Kepadatan dan Metode Penyulingan Terhadap Rendemen dan Mutu Minyak Kenanga yang Dihasilkan

Abstract

Indonesia is one of the developing countries which have the potency to export cananga oil. About 50 tons cananga oil from Indonesia every year exported to Europe and American. Cananga oil Producer area in Indonesia for example regency Boyolali, Cirebon, Banten And Blitar. In this time in Indonesia the ordinary distillation method done some distillation generally by using water distillation and is previously done by slice. This research aim are to studying influence slice of the sliced cananga flower, distillation method and substance density. Others, to produce optimal yield and quality of cananga oil. The Experimental design were subjected to an analysis of variance for a completely random design 3x2x2 with duplo procedure. The treatment are the bulk density of cananga flower in the vessel (0.075 kg/L, 0.0875 kg/L dan 0.1 kg/L), the distillation method of cananga flower (water distillation, water and steam distillation), and sliced flower before distillation and without slice. This research done in 2 step, the first preliminary research consist of analysis water content (82%), cananga oil content (1.6 %) and look for the optimum condition from distillation of cananga oil. The second step is the main research were done distillation according to treatment which have been specified . Interaction of distillation method and slicing of cananga flower has influence in evaporation residu number and acid number. Interaction of distillation method, slice of cananga flower, and bulk density of flower has influenced to acid number. Factor of distillation didn’t influence to specific gravity and index of refraction. Factor of slicing of cananga flower didn’t influence to specific gravity, index of refraction, optical rotation, ester number and acid number. Factor of bulk density of flower didn’t influence to specific gravity, index of refraction and optical rotation. Interaction of distillation method and slicing of cananga flower didn’t influence to yield, specific gravity, index of refraction, optical rotation, and ester number. Interaction of distillation method and bulk density of flower and interaction of bulk density of flower and slicing of cananga didn’t influence to quality of the cananga oil. Interaction from three factor didn’t influence to specific gravity, index of refraction, optical rotation, ester number, evaporation residu number, and yield of cananga oil. Progressively the increasing of bulk density will tend to decrease yield, specific grafity, index refraction, optical rotation, and the ester number, but tend to increase value of evaporation residu and acid number. All cananga oil are yielded soluble in etanol 95% with ratio 1:1 to 1:10. Water and steam distillation yielded cananga oil with value more height than water distillation in yield, specific grafity, index refraction, optical rotation, and acid number. Flower with slicing yielded cananga oil with value more height than flower without slicing in specific grafity, index refraction, optical rotation, ester number and evaporation residu number. Based on the GCMS analysis showed that the component which implied in cananga oil consist of Linalool, Geranyl acetate, beta.-Caryophyllene, alpha.- Caryophyllene, Germacrene-D, alpha.-Bergamotene, delta.-Cadinene, Benzyl benzoate dan Cis-Farnesol amounted to 80.82 %, as for minor component amounted to 19.18% consist of monoterpen and benzena and part of Monoterpen O, seskuiterpen, benzene O dan seskuiterpenO. The best treatment is cananga oil with distillation of the sliced cananga flower (bulk density 0.075 kg/L) by using water and steam distillation method. This treatment has produced cananga oil 1.5%, index of refraction 1.4982, specific gravity 0.913, soluble in ethanol 95% with ratio 1:1 to 1:10, optical rotation -22.1, acid number 2.2596, ester number 34.7165, and consist of 43 component.