Penentuan Titik Kritis Susut Pascapanen Pisang (Studi Kasus Sentra produksi Pisang Kabupaten Cianjur)

Abstract

Postharvest handling of tropical fruits is still the major problem in Indonesia due to lack of facility and knowledge of the farmer. This condition has caused the losses both in quatity and quality of fruits during distribution from the production centre to the market. Some researchers reported that total postharvest losses of tropical fruits in developing countries is 20-50%. However, no available data shows in which postharvest handling point and who is the actor take responsibility. The objectives of this study were to investigate the losess in postharvest handling of banana in supply chain, to measure the value of losess of postharvest handling in each actors, to identify the cause of postharvest handling losses and to analyze the efficiency of marketing in supply chain of banana. This study was conducted in banana central production in Cianjur. The results show that there were three marketing channel in supply chain of banana in central production Cianjur. First channel was Farmers – collector - Retailer - Consumer). Second channel was Farmers - Collectors – wholesaler - Retailer - Consumer). Third channel was Farmers – village collector – Big collector – Supermarket - Consumer. Quantitatively, the critical point of banana postharvest handling in the first channel was occured in collector i.e. 10.90% with total losses was 15.25%. For second channel, totall losses was 16.77% with the highest losses occured at village collector level i.e. 8.44%. For third channel, total losses was 39.30% with the highest losses occured at supermarket i.e. 32.13%. Qualitatively, for the first channel, losses postharvest handling of banana was 23% where all losses occured in the level of trader. The second channel, total losses was 57.73% with the highest losses occured in village collector level i.e. 48.96%. For third channel, total loss was 49.96% and the highest losses occured in the big collector level i.e. 29.36%. Among the channels in the supply chain of banana in central production of banana in Cianjur, the first channel was identified as the most efficient channel due to lower margin in trading which providing the biggest farmer's share. The cost benefit ratio in first channel was also higher than those second and third channel.