Karakteristik minyak ikan dari limbah pengolahan filet ikan patin siam (Pangasius hypopthalmus) dan Patin Jambal (Pangasius djambal)

Abstract

Patin (Pangasius sp) which is the common name is catfish, has been well-known as a highly economic freshwater fish in Indonesia. Its high lipid content considered as source of unsaturated fatty acids including omega-3 which brings advantages for human health. This research project aims to obtain physico-chemical characteristics of the purified oil derived from the waste of Siam (Pangasius hypothalamus) and Jambal (Pangasius djambal) catfish fillet production, particularly on its fatty acids and glycerides profile. The project had been done in stages including raw material (waste from catfish fillet processing) characterization, oil extraction, oil purification, and purified oil characterization. Fish oil extraction is conducted by using a modified wet rendering method. During the catfish fillet processing, besides of getting the flesh-fillet as the main product, it remains also the other parts of fish (waste) that can be classified into 6 components i.e. head, spin-fin, skin, belly flap, trimmed flesh, and viscera. The head, belly flap, and viscera are considered to be the potential parts using for raw material in fish oil production that could yield the crude oil of 9.84%, 28.52%, and 20.34%, respectively derived from Siam, while 9,54%, 25,60% dan 30,05% derived from Jambal catfish. Fatty acids profile derived from both Siam and Jambal catfish showed that the palmitic and oleic acids are the major components. The percentage of long chain unsaturated fatty acid showed a higher amount of the total lipid, that were 53.24%, 54.38%, 52.74% respectively derived from head, belly flap, and viscera of Siam, and 62.70%, 62.92%, 61.97% derived from Jambal catfish. Even though only in small amount, Omega-3 fatty acids i.e. linoleic, EPA and DHA were detected in this experiment from both species. The typical result of FTIR spectrum profile were obtained. Nevertheless, in the range of 3050 – 2800 cm-1 representing the unsaturated fatty acids, FTIR absorbance on Jambal catfish showed a bigger and more sharply spectrum. Glycerides profile resulted 19 types of TAG in both spesies. According to the standard, 11 types of TGA were identified, which are OLO, PLO, PLP, OOO, POO, POP, PPP, SOO, POS, PPS and LaPP/MMP, respectively based on ECN and retention time. Hydrolysis using lipase enzyme from mold Thermomyces lanuginosa could specifically hydrolyze the position of sn-1 and sn-3 of TAG into DAG and MAG. DSC results demonstrated the 3 zones of melting point of Siam catfish oil, i.e range of (-30) – (-16)C, range of (-16) – 25C, and range of 25 – 46C. While in Jambal catfish oil, it was earlier detected, i.e. at -34C at the range up to 40C.