Etnobotani Pangan Masyarakat Suku Dayak Kenyah di Sekitar Taman Nasional Kayan Mentarang Kalimantan Timur

Abstract

Dayak Ethnic of Kayan Mentarang Nasional Park (KMNP) consists of several Dayak sub ethnics, one of them is Dayak Kenyah. It has unique characteristic in the use of plants, particularly food plants, which needed to be documented. This research was aimed to identify the diversity of food plants and local wisdom of Dayak Kenyah tribe in food plants use. This research was conducted in Long Alango Village, Subdistrict of Bahau Hulu, National Park Section Management (NPSM) Region II Kayan Mentarang Nasional Park, Malinau, East Borneo on March - April 2011. Research methods used consist of literature study, field survey, interview using questionaire, herbarium sample making and identification, and data analysis. The research had identified 139 spesies of food plants that used by Dayak Kenyah tribe of KMNP, which consisted of 32 species of wild food plants (origin from forest), 46 species of wild food plants that had been cultivated, and 61 species of cultivated food plants. All those species could be processed into carbohydrate source, vegetables, complementary food, and beverages. Among all the foods source that consumed by Dayak Kenyah ethnic, there are several species of rice plant like pa’dai bere, pa’dai ba’an, pa’dai putik, and pa’dai adan. The largest habitat types of food plants was garden and forest (33%), then followed by forest/wild habitat (23%), the bund of irrigated rice field (16%), garden (15%), unirrigated agricultural field and jekkau (6%), yard (6%), and irrigated rice field (1%). Local wisdom of Dayak Kenyah tribe were the use of food plants when hunting, cultivation of food plants from forest in garden, cultivation system, etc. Conclusion of this research shows that Dayak Kenyah tribe of KMNP used various plants for various needs of foods, and Dayak Kenyah ethnic has local wisdom in the use of food plants.