Developing The Green Space Based On The Surface Temperature Distribution and Temperature Humidity Index of Palembang City

Abstract

Palembang is the provincial capital of South Sumatra. The Municipality are experiencing increase of population and fast development in many sectors. This resulted in the increase of build up areas and reduce green open space (green space). The condition lead to micro-climate changes, such as increasing air temperature and decreasing humidity that worsen the comfort ability of living . The study aims to: (1) identify the spatial distribution of surface temperature in some types of land cover, NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and its relation to the green open spaces, (2) Mapping of Temperature Humidity Index (THI) or comfort index in the region of Palembang and (3) Development of green space based on the distribution of surface temperature, air humidity, THI, and urban planning. The study was conducted in the city of Palembang. Materials used in this research are a Landsat 7 ETM (Path 124 Row 062) dated May 10, 2001 and August 23, 2010 and the administrative boundary map of Palembang. Processing of Landsat 7 ETM image data using a set of computers equipped with software ArcGIS 9.3 and Erdas Imagine 9.1, which includes the layer stack, geometric correction, cropping the image, image classification, and test accuracy. Estimation of surface temperature was conducted by using band 6. Furthermore, estimation results are used to estimate temperature and air humidity comfort index (THI) in the city of Palembang. In addition, the determination of vegetation land cover was also done using NDVI. NDVI values were used to determine the relationship between surface temperature and land cover. Palembang surface temperature ranges from 27 ° C to 39 ° C. Surface temperature on the green space ranges from 28 ° C to 32 ° C, while the surface temperature in the build up area more than 33 ° C. There was an increase in surface temperature from 2001 until 2010. The changes were associated with reduction of green space area. RTH can be predicted with NDVI values. NDVI values greater than 0 and less than 1 was vegetation. Surface temperature has the opposite relationship with NDVI. The greater surface temperature the lower the NDVI value and vice versa. Palembang City was entirely classified into uncomfortable class in 2001 and 2010, since the city located on THI values over 26. Development of green space in the city of Palembang was divided into three type of activities, namely, at housing areas, suburbs and downtown areas. Development of green space at settlements in the form of green yard, and its surface temperature ranges from 30 ° C-34 ° C, humidity 60% -70% and average THI ranged 27-28. In the suburbs, can be developed green space in the form of city parks and urban forest, the surface temperature of 29 ° C-34 ° C, humidity 60% -80%, and THI averaging around 26-27. In the downtown area can be developed in the form of roof garden green space and green be, the surface temperature above 33 ° C, humidity 40% -60% and the average ranged THI> 31,