Penentuan Wilayah Endemik Malaria Di Propinsi Lampung dan Analasis Pengaruh Unsur Iklim terhadap Tingkat Kejadian Penyakit

Abstract

Malaria disease is one of the diseases which has so far become the center of attention by the government due to its alarming existence. The malaria transmission in Indonesia is affected by factors of parasite, mosquitos, human beings, and physical as well as biological environment. This research is aimed at: (1) Knowing the endemic areas of malaria disease and Compiling the map of malaria endemic disease in every regency and district in the province of Lampung; (2) Identifying the impact of climate elements on the number of cases of the clinical malaria incidence in the province of Lampung (case sample: South Lampung). Based on the analytical outcome, the regency which bears the highest susceptibility level average is the north Lampung regency with the highest endemic district of Kalianda. The locality with the lowest susceptibility level average is Kota Metro. The period with the highest malaria transmission at the regency and district levels occurs in the month of Januari until March. The climate elements having closest relationship is indicated by the actual vapor pressure (ea) (r=0.28; p-value < 0.05). ea which can indicate the highest (Montly Malaria Incidence) MoMi is the one which is measured two months before the outbreak, amounting to 22% and rainfall which can indicate the best MoMi is the one which is measured two months before the outbreak, reaching to 23%. The rainfall has been able to inflict the clinical malaria outbreak in the area close to the beach , i.e. Kalianda covering 48 cases with one month duration of rain, and with the highest proportion of 89% after seven consecutive months of rainfall. In the hinterland of Kotabumi, the clinical malaria outbreak could reach 45 cases with one month duration of rainfall and the highest outbreak proportion could reach 93% after three consecutive months of rainfall. In both districts with rainfall limit 􀂕 25 mm has been able to inflict malaria outbreak. In any value of rainfall, actual vapor pressure, and humidity, the possibility of having hight incidence is bigger the possibility of having medium incidence; however, the possibility will be even if CH, ea, and RH are bigger or equal to 500 mm (rainfall), 35 mb (ea), and 90% (RH).