Institutional Analysis of Sasi in Capture Fisheries Management in East Seram District

Abstract

Fisheries policy based doctrine on common property has led conflict between societies in the utilization of marine resources, thus local wisdom need to be developed to prevent conflicts. One of local wisdom of Maluku is known as sasi. Sasi was a form of resources management based on local society. This research aims to present the history of sasi management in East Seram District, especially Keffing and Kway village. Analyze the institutional system of sasi in the fisheries management in Keffing and Kway village. Analyze the strengthening institutional system of sasi in order to create a sustainable fishery management in the era of regional autonomy. Method used in this research was by using triangulation method with study case research type. Sampling method used was purposive sampling and snowball sampling method. Data analysis that used was qualitative analysis, comparative analysis, SWOT analysis, and QSPM analysis. Result showed that the history of sasi in Keffing and Kway village was existed since ancient time, as a mutual commitment of the ancestors to preserve the environment and natural resources where they lived. This commitment was based on the thought of how the ancestors was very dependant to the natural resources around them, thus a regulation was needed to prevent conflict in the utilization. Institutional system of sasi in Keffing and Kway village was originated from the society grouping based on faam or clan and society grouping based soa. The strengthening of sasi institutional in Keffing village was done by doing discussion between kewang and the society. While for the Kway Village, the strengthening was done by doing discussion with the society and doin prayer together to honor their ancestors.

Kebijakan perikanan berdasarkan doktrin milik bersama telah menyebabkan konflik antara masyarakat dalam pemanfaatan sumberdaya perikanan, sehingga kearifan lokal perlu dikembangkan untuk mencegah konflik yang terjadi. Bentuk kearifan lokal bagi masyarakat Maluku dikenal dengan istilah sasi. Sasi merupakan bentuk pengelolaan sumberdaya alam berbasis masyarakat lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan sejarah pengelolaan sasi di Kecamatan Seram Timur khususnya Desa Keffing dan Desa Kway. Menganalisis sistem kelembagaan sasi dalam pengelolaan perikanan di Desa Keffing dan Desa Kway. Menganalisis penguatan kelembagaan sasi dalam mewujudkan pengelolaan perikanan berkelanjutan di era otonomi daerah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode triangulasi dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan yaitu metode purposive sampling dan snowball sampling. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis kualitatif, analisis komparatif, analisis SWOT dan analisis QSPM. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa sejarah sasi di Desa Keffing dan Desa Kway telah ada sejak zaman dahulu sebagai komitmen bersama para nenek moyang mereka untuk menjaga sumberdaya alam dan lingkungan dimana mereka tinggal. Komitmen tersebut berdasarkan pemikiran bahwa kehidupan nenek moyang sangat bergantung pada sumberdaya alam di sekitar mereka, sehingga perlu mengatur agar tidak terjadi konflik dalam pemanfaatan sumberdaya alam. Sistem kelembagaan sasi di Desa Keffing dan Desa Kway berasal dari pengelompokan masyarakat berdasarkan faam atau marga dan pengelompokan masyarakat soa. Penguatan terhadap kelembagaan sasi di Desa Keffing dilakukan dengan cara melakukan diskusi antara kewang dengan masyarakat. Sedangkan untuk Desa Kway penguatan dilakukan melalui diskusi dengan masyarakat dan melakukan doa bersama sebagai penghormatan terhadap leluhur mereka.