The Effect of Feeding Fermented Jatropha curcas L Meal in The Diet on Broiler Performances

Abstract

The major problem in broilers industry is feed availability and continuity. Jatropha curcas L meal is one alternative feed of poultry because it contains high crude protein, but it can not be used properly because of curcin and phorbolester contained in the meal that interfence the protein synthesis in the body. The present study was conducted to study the effect of feeding fermented Jatropha curcas L meal in the diet on feed consumption, body weight, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and mortality. The research used 96 Day Old Chicks (DOC) Ross strain which were reared for five weeks. The treatment diets were: R0 (0% fermented Jatropha curcas L meal), R1 (3% fermented Jatropha curcas L meal), R2 (6% fermented Jatropha curcas L meal) and R3 (9% fermented Jatropha curcas L meal). This research used Completely Randomize Design with 4 treatments and 4 replications, each replication contained 6 broilers The data were analysed using Analyses of Variance (ANOVA). The significant results were further tested using Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The research result indicated that feeding fermented Jatropha curcas L in starter and grower-finisher period at the level of 3% (R1), 6% (R2) and 9% (R3) highly significantly reduced (p<0.01) feed consumption, body weight and body weight gain compared to that of control diet (R0). Feed conversion ratio in starter period at the level of 6% (R2) and 9% (R3) highly significantly increased (p<0.01) compared to that of control diet (R0). The mortality of broilers at starter period indicated that feeding Jatropha curcas L at the level 9% (R3) highly significantly increased (p<0.01) mortality compared to that of control (R0). At grower-finisher period indicated that feeding Jatropha curcas at the level 6% (R2) and 9% (R3) highly significantly increased (p<0.01) mortality compared to that of control (R0). Detoxification Jatropha curcas L with fermented using Rhizopus oligosporus has not effective yet to improve the broiler performances.

Permasalahan utama dalam dunia perunggasan di Indonesia adalah masalah penyediaan bahan baku pakan. Sebagian bahan baku pakan ternak yang penting masih diimpor, seperti jagung, bungkil kedelai dan tepung ikan, sehingga meningkatkan biaya produksi peternak. Sementara bungkil biji jarak memiliki potensi yang baik mengingat kandungan protein kasar sebesar 58-60%. Kendala yang dihadapi dalam penggunaan bungkil tersebut yaitu mengandung curcin dan phorbolester sehingga tidak dapat digunakan sebagai pakan ternak tanpa melalui pengolahan terlebih dahulu. Teknik pengolahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan fermentasi menggunakan kapang Rhizopus oligosporus, sehingga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan nilai nutrisinya dan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku pakan ternak.