Kajian Penggunaan Hormon IBA, BAP dan kinetin terhadap Multiplikasi Tunas Tanaman Penghasil Gaharu (Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg) Domke) secara In Vitro

Abstract

Agarwood is one of non timber products which has a high economic value. Nowadays, the demand of agarwood is still depending on natural forest. The high demand which is followed by high persecution of agarwood in natural forest make the population of agarwood highly decreased. In order to straighten up the agarwood production, the government with the President decision (Keppres No 43/1978) decide that to whom the exporter who has agarwood has to have a CITES license. The conservation to some variety of agarwood is increased; Aquilaria spp. and Gyrinops spp. Was included in Appendix II CITES on Oktober 2nd until 14th 2004 at Bangkok. This research was aimed to know the best combination of auxin (IBA) and cytokinin (BAP and kinetin) in basic medium of Murashige and Skoog towards the multiplications of Agarwood production plant explants by in vitro. The plant material that was used was the sterile explants sprout of G. versteegii. Explants was grew in MS medium with the addition of growth hormone IBA (concentration of 0.00, 0.05, 0.10 mg/l), BAP (concentration of 0.00, 0.10, 0.20 mg/l) and kinetin (concentration of 0.00, 0.20, 0.40 mg/l). This research was arranged using the RAL Factorial with 17 of treatments in 6 times repetition. The observation was done in 8 weeks after planting to all of explants that had been planting include some parameters such as the height growth, , internodes total, buds total, total of leaves, the mortality percentage, callus production process, browning and contamination. The result of this research showed that the combination treatment of BAP+IBA that produced the most of total average leaves was in the treatment of BAP 0.10 mg/l (22.83 sheets), whereas in combination of BAP + kinetin that produced the most of total average leaves was in the treatment of BAP 0.10 mg/l + kinetin 0.20 mg/l (30.00 sheets). The buds multiplication in treatment with BAP + IBA worked optimally in 4 MST, with the total of 7.00 of buds in the end of observation which produced by the treatment of BAP 0.10 mg/l + IBA 0.05 mg/l. The highest bud multiplication was produced from the combination of BAP and kinetin in the treatment of BAP 0.10 mg/l + kinetin 0.40 mg/l and BAP 0.20 mg/l with the total of 9.17 of buds. The percentage of explants that produce callus was 88,24% (90 of 102 explants). The conclusion of this research was the effect of the addition of plant growt regulator combination of IBA (concentration of 0.00, 0.05, 0.10 mg/l) with BAP (concentration 0.00, 0.10, 0.20 mg/l) and IBA (concentration 0.00, 0.05, 0.10 mg/l) with kinetin (concentration 0.00, 0.20, 0.40 mg/l) give the real response in parameter number of buds and leaves. Whereas on parameter like the height growth and internodes total give real and not different response.