Study of Seedling Plant of Rare Species Kulim (Scorodocarpus borneensis Becc.) and The Composition of Trees Suround It in Tesso Nilo National Park, Riau

Abstract

Kulim (Scorodocarpus borneensis Becc.) is one of Indonesia wood species which have high economic value. This species is widely used by people in Bagan Siapi-api the Province of Riau for ship and building materials (Ismail 2000). Kulim is categorized as strong and long lasting wood. Unfortunately, this species of wood is rare to be found in the nature due to habitat disturbance. The aims of this research are to the population condition identify, the young level of kulim, the structure and composition of vegetations surround kulim‟s natural habitat. The vegetation data was collected through plot sampling using combination between strip and quadrate sampling techniques (20 m x 500 m). The total of transec was 5 and it was allocated systematically at every 100 m far from the location kulim found. Trees analysis was undertaken in 20m x 20m of square in every line, at the pole 10m x 10m, at the sapling 5m x 5m and the seedling 2m x 2m. The total of sampling units were 125 plots. The crown stratification was made through drawing 20 m x 100 m line. The data then was analyzed descriptively and quantitatively using vegetation analysis formulas. The formulas were aimed to get Important Value Index (IVI), Evennes Index and Diversity Index. Kulim has density at seedling level of 180 ind / ha, at saplings 35 ind / ha, at the pole 8 ind / ha, while the value at the tree level 2 ind / ha. High amount of Kulim found in diameter classes <10 cm of 20 individuals. It has been found as many as 28 species of tree-level, 24 species on the pole and stake, and 21 in 14 species of seedlings. Middle species diversity index value of 2.95 obtained, whereas equitable distribution of the species seen from the index value close to 1. There are A and B strata header with average height ranges from 20-40 meters. Kulim has strata header with average height ranges from 15-20 meters. Based on this research, Kulim population in TNTN heading to extinction. It‟s caused by the uncontrolled logging in the past. It can be seen by the number of logged-over Kulim‟s stump on this area. It‟s reasonable that Vegetation structure in Kulim habitats dominated by stands of young trees with average stem diameters ranging from 20-30 cm. there is low composition of habitus on research plots that only contain 32 species of tree composition.