Implementation of Public Service Agency and Its Implications to Sustainable Self-Financed National Park Management

Abstract

The Strategic Plan of the Ministry of Forestry for the period of 2010-2014 has mandated the revitalization of 12 national parks to become Public Service Agencies. It would allow national parks to be self-financed. Unfortunately, efforts which have been made have not shown an encouraging progress yet. This research aims : (1) to identify the elaboration of main tasks and functions of national park, (2) to analyze the accuracy of the implementation of the Public Service Agency to the national park management, and (3) to formulate implications for the implementation of Public Service Agency to the Sustainable Self-Financed National Parks management. The result shows that the elaboration of 8 out of 10 main tasks and functions of national park provide goods and services to the public and its performance can be promoted through Public Service Agency, while the other 2 are identified as government liabilities. The implementation of Public Service Agency models for Self-Financed National Park Management both at KNPO and BTS NGPO meets the requirement substantially and technically. Furthermore, the KNPO Cost Benefit Analysis projection of 6 main tasks and functions for the coming 5 years shows the feasibility. This research concluded that national park can be self-financed through the implementation of Public Service Agency scheme. Therefore, it is suggested that in order to implement self-financed national park through Public Service Agency scheme, business development must be included as one of the main tasks and functions and its organization structure and management must be adjusted.

Kawasan konservasi memiliki sumber pendanaan dari anggaran negara namun anggaran yang dialokasikan untuk kawasan konservasi relatif sangat sedikit. Manfaat langsung taman nasional (TN) ditinjau dari sisi ekonomi sungguh sangat memprihatinkan. Pada tahun 2010 jumlah Penerimaan Negara Bukan Pajak (PNBP) yang diperoleh seluruh TN di Indonesia dengan luas + 16 juta ha hanya 16 milyar, hanya setara dengan PNBP yang dihasilkan kebun raya di Indonesia yang luasnya kurang dari 1 juta ha (Kemenhut 2011a). Pemerintah telah melakukan berbagai rencana kebijakan dalam upaya mengoptimalkan potensi kawasan konservasi pada umumnya dan TN pada khususnya dalam mengatasi permasalahan pembiayaan keuangannya. Rencana Strategis Kementerian Kehutanan periode 2010-2014 memberikan mandat untuk merevitalisasi 12 Taman Nasional menjadi Badan Layanan Umum yang memungkinkan TN untuk menjadi mandiri, perlu didukung oleh data dan informasi yang penting bagi pelaksanaannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi penjabaran tugas pokok dan fungsi (tupoksi) Taman Nasional, menganalisis ketepatan penerapan model Badan Layanan Umum dalam pengelolaan menuju TN Mandiri dan merumuskan implikasi penerapan Badan Layanan Umum menuju pengelolaan TN Mandiri yang berkelanjutan.